FARMING Flashcards
What is grass based farming?
A grass-based system is where the cows are extensively grazed to take advantage of the British climate, which is generally warm, wet and ideally suited to growing grass. This is often described as ‘traditional farming’.
Cattle are constantly having access to grass
What is extensive farming?
‘Extensive’ means that the animals are predominantly out at pasture, although they may be housed over the winter or for intensive periods of work like lambing.
What is suckler herds?
Suckler herds are where calves are reared by their mothers until they’re weaned at around six to eight months, and then fattened ready for slaughter either on the same farm or sold to be ‘finished’ elsewhere.
What are finishing herds
Finishing herds are almost ready for slaughter.
Beef finishing systems are generally classified into three different categories, intensive (12-15 month finishing), semi-intensive (15-20 months) and extensive (more than 20 months). Intensive systems are more reliant on concentrates whilst extensive systems are usually more based on forage and grass.
What is organic farming f
Organic farming also requires that animals build up natural immunity against disease, with no prophylactic medicines, no antibiotics or coccidiostats, very limited wormer use, although vaccination and artificial insemination are permitted
What are the 3 R/s in farming?
Replacement involves using alternatives to live animals. Reduction involves using the minimum number of animals, and, Refinement involves improvement to husbandry, housing, and care to optimise animal welfare
What is a holding
Any establishment in which animals are held, reared for handled on a permanent or temporary basis, except veterinary practices or clinics
What is the registration called for your land, before keeping livestock
County parish holder
What counts as movement and must be reported to the CPH?
any time an animal is moved out of the area governed by it’s CPH to another location, it is classed as a movement. This may be from one farm to another, to a market, to a show or to a slaughterhouse
What is the standstill rule?
The standstill rule helps reduce the spread of infectious diseases. It applies to the movement of cattle, sheep, goats and pigs.
If you move cattle, sheep, or goats on to your land from a different holding, for 6 days after you must not move off your holding any:
cattle
sheep
goats
pigs
If you move pigs on to your land from a different holding, you must not move any:
cattle, sheep or goats off your holding for 6 days
pigs off your holding for 20 days
What is a tCPH used for?
If you plan to use extra land or buildings temporarily (for less than a year) to keep livestock
What are the three different numbers on a cattle tag and what do they mean?
- Check number- dividing the number obtained from the herd mark and animal number by 7 and adding one to the remainder. Allows authorise to check tag is correct
- Herd number (at top of tag)
- Individual number (after check number)
Where typically are sheep livestock disrupted?
Hills, lowland or upland
Where are beef farms typically found?
Foothills or upland areas
Similar pattern to sheep
Near arable areas where food is made
Where are pigs and chicken farms normally located?
Yorkshire, east of England, small area of North east yorkshire
Is feeding UK farm animals antibiotics as growth promoters legal?
No, since 1988.
How does the cow carbon cycle work?
- cows gets carbon molecules from grass (which have taken it in from air from PS) and pasture it eats
- then cow breathes out CO2 and CH4 is released from the rumen
How is nitrogen released into the air from farming?
Farmland fertilisation
Manure management
Aquaculture
What are the complications of only importing live/ dead animals to the UK
Lack of food security
Risk of exotic diseases
Welfare of transporting animals long distances
Lack of traceability
Higher prices
What is a closed flock?
No external introduction to herd or flock
Stock prevented from encountering other stock from a different farm
