EQUINE AHW Flashcards
Why do horses need passports?
Record routine vaccines
Indicates if a human is intended for human consumption (to see if certain medication can be given)
Contains breed history, microchip information and details of previous owners
What age must horses have passports?
From 6 months old
What are the 10 principles of certification?
- A vet should only administer certificate if its within their knowledge
- Veterinarians should not issue a certificate that might raise questions of a possible conflict of interest
- A veterinarian should only sign certificates that are written in a language they understand.
- A veterinarian should not certify that there has been compliance with the law of another country or jurisdiction unless the provisions of that law are set out clearly on the certificate
- A veterinarian should only sign original certificates
- Certificates should be written in simple terms which are easy to understand
- Certificates should be:
a) clear and concise;
b) integrated, whole and indivisible;
c) given a unique identifier; and
d) copied and retained with all relevant records.
8. No sections of the certificate should be left incomplete
9. Certificates should not use words or phrases which are capable of more than one interpretation.
10. Certificates should clearly identify the subject being certified
What are the different stages of horse evolution and what is the mnemonic to remember it?
Every messy merry pony
Eohippus
Mesohippus
Merychippus
Pliohippus
Modern day horse
What is the rules regarding microchipping and where should it be placed?
Compulsory
Placed adjacent to nuchal ligament, which is at the back of the neck
What is the gestation period of horses?
320-34- days
What do the following horse terms mean?
Filly
Mare
Colt
Stallion
Gelding
Female under 4 years
Female aged over 4 years
Uncastrated male under 4 years
Uncastrated male over 4 years
Castrated male
What is the gestation period of a donkey?
340-370 days
What do the following donkey terms mean?
Jack
Jenny
Mule
Hinny
Male
Female
Offspring from male donkey and female horse
Offspring from female donkey and male horse
How is equine height typically measured
Hands—> 1 hand is 4 inch
Or use a measuring stick
What is the main difference between a horse and a pony?
Horse is over 14.2 hands
Pony is under 14.2 hands
What type of markings must be recorded?
White markings must be recorded on passports
In a red ball point pen
Sketch with diagonal lines
What other additional characteristics must be recorded?
Flesh marks
Prophets thumb- depression in the muscle usually on the lower part of the horses neck
Acquired marks, burns, freezing, scars
Any instances where the hair flow changes direction
What are the roles of horses in human society?
- food
Transport
Farming
Sport
Military
Companion
What does the national equine welfare council do?
Helped to produce the codes of practice for welfare of equine
What does the code of practice from NEWC provide guidance for?
How to plan for euthanasia
How to provide a suitable environment for equines
How to provide a suitable diet and specific focus on laminitis prevention and weight management
How to provide for the behavioural needs of equines including training and how to avoid fear associations and appropriate use of restraints
What is the national governing body for horse sports in UK
British Equestrian is the National Governing Body for horse sports in the UK, affiliated to the Federation Equestre Internationale (FEI), the international governing body of equestrian sports. It exists to provide leadership, vision and purpose in steering the direction of equestrianism
What are the legislations in relation to keeping a horse and where do you find the information?
- providing it with a suitable place to live
- giving it a suitable diet
- protecting it from pain, injury, suffering and disease
- making sure it can behave normally and naturally
- keeping records of all medical treatment
- keeping up to date with a vaccination programme (under the control and advice of a vet)
- registering it with a veterinary practice and a registered farrier
On government website
Who can perform the three different categories of equine dentals?
- Those procedures which an individual can perform after recognised training without specific attainment of qualifications
- Additional procedures suitable for delegation to an EDT who has trained and passed an examination approved by DEFRA
- Procedures that can only be performed by qualified veterinary surgeons
What is barefoot trimming?
Barefoot trimming”, which refers to trimming of the hoof that is not in preparation for the application of a shoe
Who can do barefoot trimming under the farriers act
Anyone
Not seen as an act of farriering
How many Passport Issuing Organisations (PIOs) are there within the United Kingdom (UK)?
81
What are the 3 Fs of equine welfare?
- FREEDOM to move and perform natural behaviours. Horses should be provided with daily ‘turnout’. Stables should be large enough for them to move, lie down and get up comfortably.
- FRIENDS, should be kept in groups as they are herd animals. If in stables should be next to other horses they are familiar with and able to see each other.
- FORAGE, such as hay, haylage and grass should be available most of the time for horses to eat as they are trickle feeders. Shouldn’t be left for long periods of time without it.
Why are so many horses overweight and what are the consequences of this?
Lots of owners can’t recognise when a horse is overweight
Increased risk of, and poorer prognosis for recovery from, laminitis (a debilitating foot condition)
Increased risk of hyperlipaemia- too many lipids in blood, so risks clogging arteries
Impairment of normal thermoregulation
What is Anthelmintic resistance?
genetically transmitted loss of sensitivity of a drug in worm populations that were previously sensitive to the same drug
How do we currently try and reduce Anthelmintic resistance?
Faecal egg count
Collect poo samples and take it for investigation to count how many worm eggs are in poo
If more than 200 per gram, them worming treatment can be given
What are some native breeds to the UK?
Shetland
Dales
Cleveland Bay
Eriskay
Hackney
Suffolk Punch
Exmoor
Dartmoor
Clydesdale
Fell
Highland
New Forest
Shire
What sports are horses used in in the UK?
Dressage
Eventing
Show jumping
Vaulting
Polo
Horse racing
How would you show the following things on a silhouette?
- Whorl
- Flesh mark
- Bordered white markings
— X
- TRIANGLE
- border around dashed lines
What is some examples of good grassland management?
Access to fresh and clean water
Droppings removed weekly (if not daily)
Access to natural or artificial shelter
Good quality grass
Appropriate stock density (1-1.5 acres per horse)
Why are signs that has a horse has eaten ragwort
Lethargy
Photosensitivity – areas of pink skin become inflamed when exposed to sunlight
Significant weight loss despite continuing to eat well
Blindness
Difficulty breathing
Loss of balance
What is the cure for ragwort
Unfortunately, there is no definitive cure. Treatment is therefore based around supportive care. It can take a long time for horses to recover and in severe cases the damage may be irreversible.
Potentially liver supplements, including vitamin B12 and milk thistle, which can be given in feed. Re-sampling of blood is often recommended in order to ascertain whether liver enzymes are decreasing which indicates that your horse is responding to treatment.
How does ragwort damage the liver?
The alkaloids are metabolised in the liver which inhibit the division of liver cells so that the liver shrinks in size and is irreversibly damaged
What are some signs of atypical myopathy (eating sycamore leaves)
Muscle weakness, soreness or stiffness; horses may struggle to walk, stand or breathe
Horses appear dull with low hanging heads
Lethargy/fatigue
Muscle trembling
Colic like symptoms (e.g. shivering and sweating) except the horse still has an appetite
Brown or dark red urine
Some horses may develop heart & respiratory problems
Loss of ability to stand
