farm labrour industrial revolution Flashcards
problems with old methods of farming
they could not produce enough food for the growing population
what was three field system
every peasant had 3 fields which they rented from
landlords which they rotated each year
what was grown in each field
wheat was grown in on field
barley and oats were grown in the second field
nothing was grown in third field
disadvantages of third field system
each year one field was not used for growing crops so soil could regain its nutrients
farmers wasted time travelling from one field to another
as land was unfenced animals could wander from field to field destroying crops
weeds could spread easily between fields easily
never enough food to feed animals who had to be killed
disease spread between animals in commen
who invented the four field system
Charles townsend
what was the four field system
year 1wheat
year 2 turnips
year 3 oats or barley
year 4 clover or grass
advantages of four field system
turnips and grass restored nutrients to the soil
the food supply increased aa no field was left fallow
meant animals did not have to be killed each year as hay and turnips used to feed animals
number of animals increased
fallow
to leave a field unsown for a year so the soil regains its nutrients
commons
a large meadow where the villagers animals grazed
enclosure
each tenants strips 9crop growing were brought together with their commons portion to form a farm
law that forced enclosure
the enclosure acts
disadvantages of enclosure
small farmers were unable to meet the cost of enclosure they had to sell their land and move to cities
laborers who never had land lost their grazing rights and had to move to industrial towns
who came up with selective breeding
Robert bakewell
what is selective breading
where the larger animals were where bred together to produce larger calve example cow bull
effect of selective breeding
weight of animals doubled in size
cows produced more milk
sheep produced more wool
