Farm a Sea Flashcards
Bethanechol
Cholinomimetic agent; direct agonist (mimics acetylcholine)
Uses: Postoperative & neurogenic ileus & urinary retention
Action: Activates bowel & bladder smooth muscle
Resistant to AChE
Carbachol
Cholinomimetic agent; direct agonist (mimics acetylcholine)
Uses: Glaucoma, pupillary contraction, relief of intraocular pressure
Pilocarpine
Cholinomimetic agent; direct agonist (mimics acetylcholine)
Uses: Potent stimulator of sweat, tears, saliva
Action: Constricts ciliary muscle of eye (open angle), pupillary sphincter (narrow angle)
Resistant to AChE
*You cry, drool, & sweat on your PILlow
Methacholine
Cholinomimetic agent; direct agonist (mimics acetylcholine)
Uses: Challenge test for diagnosis of asthma
Action: Stimulates muscarinic receptors in airway when inhaled
Neostigmine
Cholinomimetic agent; indirect agonist (Inactivates achetylcholinesterase)
Uses: Postoperative & neurogenic ileus & urinary retention; myasthenia gravis; reversal of neuromuscular junction blockade (postoperative)
Action: Increases endogenous ACh; no CNS penetration
Pyridostigmine
Cholinomimetic agent; indirect agonist (Inactivates acetylcholinesterase)
Uses: Myasthenia gravis (long-acting);
Action: Increases endogenous ACh; increases strength; no CNS penetration
Edrophonium
Cholinomimetic agent; indirect agonist (inactivates acetylcholinesterase)
Uses: Tensilon Test to diagnose myasthenia gravis (super short acting)
Action: Increases endogenous ACh
Physostigmine
Cholinomimetic agent; indirect agonist (Inactivates acetylchoinesterase)
Uses: Glaucoma; atropine overdose
Action: Increases endogenous ACh; crosses BBB
Echothiophate
Cholinomimetic agent; indirect agonist (Inactivates acetylcholinesterase)
Use: Glaucoma
Action: Increases endogenous ACh
Donepezil
Cholinomimetic agent; indirect agonist (inactivates acetylcholinesterase)
Use: Alzheimer’s disease
Action: Increases endogenous ACh
Atropine
Muscarinic antagonist
Tx: bradycardia, opthalmic applications
**Don’t give to pts w/ acute-angle glaucoma!!
Benztropine
Muscarinic antagonist
Use: Parkinson’s
Action: Works in CNS
Scopolamine
Muscarinic antagonist
Use: Motion sickness
Action: Works on CNS; also decreases airway secretions
Ipratropium, Tiotropium
Muscarinic antagonist
Use: Asthma, COPD
Action: Works on respiratory system
Oxybutynin, Glycopyrrolate
Muscarinic antagonist
Use: Reduce urgency in mild cystitis & reduce bladder spasms
Action: Works on GU tract
Methscopolamine, Pirenzepine, Propantheline
Muscarinic antagonist
Tx: Peptic ulcers
Action: Works on GI tract
Epinephrine
Direct sympathomimetic
Acts on alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2
Tx: Anaphylaxis, open angle glaucoma, asthma, hypotension
Norepinephrine
Direct sympathomimetic
Acts on alpha 1 & 2 > beta 1
Tx: hypotension (beware: decreases renal perfusion)
Isoproterenol
Direct sympathomimetic
Acts on beta 1 and beta 2 only
Tx: AV block (rare)
Dopamine
Direct sympathomimetic
Acts on D1 at low dose, betas at medium dose, and alphas at high dose
Tx: Shock (renal perfusion), heart failure; inotropic & chronotropic
Dobutamine
Direct sympathomimetic
Acts on beta 1 most; some effect on alphas & B2
Tx: Heart failure, cardiac stress testing; inotropic but NOT chronotropic
Phenylephrine
Direct sympathomimetic
Acts on alpha 1 more than alpha 2
Tx: Pupillary dilation, vasoconstriction, nasal decongestion
Metaproterenol, Albuterol
Direct sympathomimetics
Act on beta 2 more than beta 1
Tx: acute asthma
Salmeterol
Direct sympathomimetics
Act on beta 2 more than beta 1
Tx: Long-term asthma treatment
