Families and Households- Demography Flashcards
What is demography?
The study of statistics that measure the size and growth of a population
What does immigration cause?
Population to increase
What does emigration cause?
Population to decrease
What has been the trend in the birth rate since the early 20th century?
Fallen
When were the ‘baby booms’?
After world war 1 and 2, and in the 1960s
What is the total fertility rate?
The average number of children a woman would have if she followed the current fertility rates throughout her life
What has been the general trend in total fertility rate since the early 20th century?
Decreased
What was the TFR in 2014?
1.83 children per woman
What was the average number of dependent children per family in 2011?
1.7 compared to 2.0 in 1971
How have childbearing trends changed in recent decades?
- People are having fewer children
- Women are having children later
What was the average age of a woman at the birth of her first child in 2013?
28 compared to 24 in 1971
How have social roles influenced childbearing patterns?
Contraception is more available and women’s roles are changing
Why may couples not want to have children or put off having children until later in life?
Children are expensive and time-consuming so couples may want to spend their money in other ways, women now want to have a career before having children
What is the infant mortality rate?
Number of deaths of children aged 0 to 1 per 1000 live births per year
What has happened to IMR in the 20th century?
It has improved
How have medical advancements help reduce the death rate?
Introduction of vaccines, blood transfusions, antibiotics, and better care for pregnant women
How did the government improve public health?
By regulating food and drinking-water quality and enforcing laws to improve cleanliness, they also improved public health awareness of how infections are transmitted
What is life expectancy?
The average length of time a person is expected to live
What is the ageing population?
A population ages when the number and proportion of older people increases which causes the median age of the population to increase
Why does the UK have an ageing population?
Improvement in mortality rates and increasing life expectancy
What is the burden of care?
Society has a responsibility to care for the vulnerable
What is the dependency ratio?
The number of people who are not of working age, compared to the number of working-age people who can support them
What’s net migration?
The number of people moving into a country minus the number moving away
How has increasing net migration affected the structure of families?
- Impact of low fertility rates is outweighed by the impact of net migration
- Migrants decrease average age of a country
- Increase number of multi-family households
