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Radiation biology > FALL 2015 FINAL! > Flashcards

FALL 2015 FINAL! Flashcards

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1
Q

Lens of the eye dose

A

15 REMS

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2
Q

LD 50/30= Lethal dose that can kill __1__ of exposed population in __2__ days. Range __3__gy

A
  1. 50%
  2. 30
  3. 3-4
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3
Q

_______ rays of 10-20 kVp used to treat acne and ringworm. German word for “boundary.”

A

Grenz

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4
Q

NCRP says tabletop dose for routine fluro CANNOT exceed __1__ R/min; High Level Control Fluoro (HCLF) CANNOT exceed __2__ at tabletop.

A
  1. 10

2. 20

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5
Q

Temporary sterility may our at gonadal dose of __1__ Gy; Permanent sterility at 5-6 Gy

A
  1. 2

2. 5-6

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6
Q

Whole body dose as low as ____ may cause a measurable hematologist depression

A

.25

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7
Q

Most radiosensitive/least radioresistant cells in body

A

Lymphocytes

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8
Q

Least radiosensitive/most radioresistant cells in body

A

Adult revenue cells

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9
Q

Photomirograph showing chromosomal “map”

A

Karotype

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10
Q

Cells are most radiosensitive during _______

A

Metaphase (M)

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11
Q

Indirect effect damage occurs __1__% of the time (due to __2__ o water); Direct effect of damage occurs __3__ of the time.

A
  1. 95
  2. Radiolysis
  3. 5%
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12
Q

Diagnostic and Leukemia are potted on linear _______ curves

A

Non-threshold

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13
Q

Somatic effects occur in the ________

A

Exposed individual

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14
Q

Late somatic effects that can be directly related to dose received.

A

Deterministic effect

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15
Q

Deterministic effect are not likely to occur from ______ imaging procedures

A

Diagnostic

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16
Q

Late somatic effects that do not have a threshold, occur in arbitrary manner, severity does not depend on dose, and can occur after high or possibly low lever exposures

A

Probabilistic Effects

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17
Q

__1__ means estimating the dose-used by radiobiologist to establish dose-response curve for diagnostic exposures.

A

Extrapolation

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18
Q

Cancer is the MOST important __1__ effect caused by exposure to __2__ radiation

A
  1. Stochastic somatic effect

2. Ionizing

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19
Q

Radial with dial painters=mostly young __1__ who suffered __2__ cancer (radial chemically similar to __3__)

A
  1. Women
  2. Bone
  3. Calcium
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20
Q

Early uranium miners suffered from high incidences of _____ cancer

A

Lung

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21
Q

Infants treated for an enlarged __1__ later suffered from __2__ cancer.

A
  1. Thymus glands

2. Thyroid

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22
Q

Known groups exposed to high levels of radiation include __1__ and __2__ (Japan 1945) and __3__ (Soviet Union 1986)

A
  1. Hiroshima
  2. Nagasaki
  3. Chernobyl
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23
Q

__1__ effects occur in offspring of exposed individuals. If both parents possess the point mutation»__2__, if only one»__3__ (probably won’t be seen for several generations

A
  1. Genetic
  2. Dominant
  3. Recessive
24
Q

NCRP Report __1__ and Publication __2__ of ICRP are resources for EfD limiting system.

A
  1. 116

2. 60

25
Q

Radiation ____ is hypothesis that a small amount of radiation is safe

A

Hormesis

26
Q

implements US Radiation Protection Policies

A

NCRP

27
Q

Controls manufacture and use of radioactive substances

A

NRC

28
Q

Regulates design/manufacture of products used in radiation industry

A

FDA

29
Q

Agreement states have agreements with __1__ to enforce radiation regulations through their __2__ departments

A
  1. NRC

2. Health

30
Q

Non agreement states=

A

Both state and NRC enforce regulations

31
Q

_____ oversees daily operations and develops safety programs

A

RSO

32
Q

In 1968 __1__ was passed to protect public from hazards of unnecessary radiation exposure from electronic products (TV, mircowave, etc)

A

Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act

33
Q

_____ of 1981 requires establish of minimal standards for accreditation of education programs

A

Consumer-patient radiation health and safety act

34
Q

Nonstochastic Effects are biological __1__ effects that exhibit threshold dose __2__ which the effect does not normally occur and above with severity of damage increases as __3__ increases.

A
  1. Somatic
  2. Below
  3. Dose
35
Q

Stochastic Effects are __1__, randomly occurring __2__ changes in which have of our fence of effect rather Han severity of effect is proportional to dose.

A
  1. Nonthreshold

2. Somatic

36
Q

Annual EfD for occupational exposure

A

5 REM

37
Q

Cumulative EfD=age in years X ____ 1 REM

A

1 (10 mSv)

38
Q

Annual skin, dose, hands, feet dose

A

50 REM

39
Q

EfD for general public exposure

A

.5 rem

40
Q

Dose for 17 year old student

A

.1 rem

41
Q

Fetal dose for entire gestational period

A

5 mSv

42
Q

Monthly fetal dose

A

.05 rem

43
Q

Leakage radiation cannot exceed _____ at 1 meter

A

100 mR/hr

44
Q

Control panel of fixed unit must be behind __1_, allow you to see patient, and indicate when tube is energized and __2__ is made.

A
  1. Protective barrier

2. Exposure

45
Q

Equipment must have an ____ indicator

A

SID

46
Q

Must have beam limiting device to confine useful beam. Must have SSD of _____

A

15”

47
Q

Collimator alignment must be wishing ____ of SID

A

+/- 2%

48
Q

If beam operates at __1__ kVp or above, must have at lease __2__ mm Al filtration (__3__ added + __4__ inherent) to decrease pt. dose

A
  1. 70
  2. 2.5
  3. 2.0
  4. 0.5
49
Q

________ used or screen film combos

A

Spectral matching

50
Q

Grid are used to improve __1__ but it increases __2__. Used more frequently in __3__ due to scatter sensitivity.

A
  1. Quality of image
  2. Pt. Dose
  3. CR
51
Q

Use a ______ SSD for portables

A

12”

52
Q

__1__ make up the matrix in DR. Be aware of proper technique by checking “S” number to avoid over exposure (“__2__”).

A
  1. Pixels

2. Dose Creep

53
Q

Fluoro procedures greatest dose so minimize Fluoro time, use __1__ Fluoro, collimate, use proper technique. SSD of __2__ for fixed and __3__ or C arm

A
  1. Intermittent
  2. 15”
  3. 12”
54
Q

Results in highest fluoro dose so use intermittent and last image hold

A

Cinefluorography

55
Q

used for interventionals so monitor and document Fluoro time

A

HLCF

High level control fluoro

Radiation biology (19 decks)

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