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Radiation biology > FALL 2015 FINAL! > Flashcards

FALL 2015 FINAL! Flashcards

1
Q

Lens of the eye dose

A

15 REMS

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2
Q

LD 50/30= Lethal dose that can kill __1__ of exposed population in __2__ days. Range __3__gy

A
  1. 50%
  2. 30
  3. 3-4
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3
Q

_______ rays of 10-20 kVp used to treat acne and ringworm. German word for “boundary.”

A

Grenz

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4
Q

NCRP says tabletop dose for routine fluro CANNOT exceed __1__ R/min; High Level Control Fluoro (HCLF) CANNOT exceed __2__ at tabletop.

A
  1. 10

2. 20

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5
Q

Temporary sterility may our at gonadal dose of __1__ Gy; Permanent sterility at 5-6 Gy

A
  1. 2

2. 5-6

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6
Q

Whole body dose as low as ____ may cause a measurable hematologist depression

A

.25

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7
Q

Most radiosensitive/least radioresistant cells in body

A

Lymphocytes

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8
Q

Least radiosensitive/most radioresistant cells in body

A

Adult revenue cells

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9
Q

Photomirograph showing chromosomal “map”

A

Karotype

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10
Q

Cells are most radiosensitive during _______

A

Metaphase (M)

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11
Q

Indirect effect damage occurs __1__% of the time (due to __2__ o water); Direct effect of damage occurs __3__ of the time.

A
  1. 95
  2. Radiolysis
  3. 5%
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12
Q

Diagnostic and Leukemia are potted on linear _______ curves

A

Non-threshold

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13
Q

Somatic effects occur in the ________

A

Exposed individual

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14
Q

Late somatic effects that can be directly related to dose received.

A

Deterministic effect

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15
Q

Deterministic effect are not likely to occur from ______ imaging procedures

A

Diagnostic

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16
Q

Late somatic effects that do not have a threshold, occur in arbitrary manner, severity does not depend on dose, and can occur after high or possibly low lever exposures

A

Probabilistic Effects

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17
Q

__1__ means estimating the dose-used by radiobiologist to establish dose-response curve for diagnostic exposures.

A

Extrapolation

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18
Q

Cancer is the MOST important __1__ effect caused by exposure to __2__ radiation

A
  1. Stochastic somatic effect

2. Ionizing

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19
Q

Radial with dial painters=mostly young __1__ who suffered __2__ cancer (radial chemically similar to __3__)

A
  1. Women
  2. Bone
  3. Calcium
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20
Q

Early uranium miners suffered from high incidences of _____ cancer

A

Lung

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21
Q

Infants treated for an enlarged __1__ later suffered from __2__ cancer.

A
  1. Thymus glands

2. Thyroid

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22
Q

Known groups exposed to high levels of radiation include __1__ and __2__ (Japan 1945) and __3__ (Soviet Union 1986)

A
  1. Hiroshima
  2. Nagasaki
  3. Chernobyl
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23
Q

__1__ effects occur in offspring of exposed individuals. If both parents possess the point mutation»__2__, if only one»__3__ (probably won’t be seen for several generations

A
  1. Genetic
  2. Dominant
  3. Recessive
24
Q

NCRP Report __1__ and Publication __2__ of ICRP are resources for EfD limiting system.

25
Radiation ____ is hypothesis that a small amount of radiation is safe
Hormesis
26
implements US Radiation Protection Policies
NCRP
27
Controls manufacture and use of radioactive substances
NRC
28
Regulates design/manufacture of products used in radiation industry
FDA
29
Agreement states have agreements with __1__ to enforce radiation regulations through their __2__ departments
1. NRC | 2. Health
30
Non agreement states=
Both state and NRC enforce regulations
31
_____ oversees daily operations and develops safety programs
RSO
32
In 1968 __1__ was passed to protect public from hazards of unnecessary radiation exposure from electronic products (TV, mircowave, etc)
Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act
33
_____ of 1981 requires establish of minimal standards for accreditation of education programs
Consumer-patient radiation health and safety act
34
Nonstochastic Effects are biological __1__ effects that exhibit threshold dose __2__ which the effect does not normally occur and above with severity of damage increases as __3__ increases.
1. Somatic 2. Below 3. Dose
35
Stochastic Effects are __1__, randomly occurring __2__ changes in which have of our fence of effect rather Han severity of effect is proportional to dose.
1. Nonthreshold | 2. Somatic
36
Annual EfD for occupational exposure
5 REM
37
Cumulative EfD=age in years X ____ 1 REM
1 (10 mSv)
38
Annual skin, dose, hands, feet dose
50 REM
39
EfD for general public exposure
.5 rem
40
Dose for 17 year old student
.1 rem
41
Fetal dose for entire gestational period
5 mSv
42
Monthly fetal dose
.05 rem
43
Leakage radiation cannot exceed _____ at 1 meter
100 mR/hr
44
Control panel of fixed unit must be behind __1_, allow you to see patient, and indicate when tube is energized and __2__ is made.
1. Protective barrier | 2. Exposure
45
Equipment must have an ____ indicator
SID
46
Must have beam limiting device to confine useful beam. Must have SSD of _____
15"
47
Collimator alignment must be wishing ____ of SID
+/- 2%
48
If beam operates at __1__ kVp or above, must have at lease __2__ mm Al filtration (__3__ added + __4__ inherent) to decrease pt. dose
1. 70 2. 2.5 3. 2.0 4. 0.5
49
________ used or screen film combos
Spectral matching
50
Grid are used to improve __1__ but it increases __2__. Used more frequently in __3__ due to scatter sensitivity.
1. Quality of image 2. Pt. Dose 3. CR
51
Use a ______ SSD for portables
12"
52
__1__ make up the matrix in DR. Be aware of proper technique by checking "S" number to avoid over exposure ("__2__").
1. Pixels | 2. Dose Creep
53
Fluoro procedures greatest dose so minimize Fluoro time, use __1__ Fluoro, collimate, use proper technique. SSD of __2__ for fixed and __3__ or C arm
1. Intermittent 2. 15" 3. 12"
54
Results in highest fluoro dose so use intermittent and last image hold
Cinefluorography
55
used for interventionals so monitor and document Fluoro time
HLCF | High level control fluoro

Radiation biology (19 decks)

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