Ch 31 Molecular Radiobiology Flashcards
What are biologic effects of radiation on future generations called?
Genetic/ long term effects
How do biologic effects happen?
As a result of radiation damage to DNA in the sperm or ova of an adult
How do germ cell mutations occur?
Faulty genetic information is transmitted to the offspring
Define In Vitro:
Outside the body
Define In Vivo
Inside the body
When are molecules more radiosensitive?
In Vivo (due to the oxygen)
What effects can occur when macromolecules are irradiated in solution in vitro?
Main-chain scission
Cross-linking
Point lesions (point mutation)
What do Abberrations describe?
Breaks in chromosomes due to radiation exposure
What are main-chain scissions?
Breakage in the long chain of the molecule
What happens in main-chain scissions?
Reduces the size of macro molecules
Changes the viscosity of the fluid
-Makes it thick and slow
What is cross linking?
The chemical union created between atoms by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons
Can a cross link form between two places on the same DNA strand?
Yes
How does cross linking happen?
By indirect action (it hits something else first)
A cross link forming on the same DNA strand is called:
An intrastrand cross-link
What are point lesions?
Disruption of single chemical bonds
What is another name for a point lesion?
Point mutation
What can point lesions cause?
Stochastic radiation effects
What is the most important molecule in the body?
DNA
What is the most radiosensitive molecule in the body?
DNA
What does DNA contain?
Genetic information
What are effects of radiation on DNA?
Cell Death
Malignant death
Genetic Damage
What are Aberrations?
Damage
What is Radiolysis of water?
The interaction of radiation with water
When water is irritated causing DNA damage
Test
What does Radiolysis result in?
Hydrogen peroxide
