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Radiation biology > Ch 31 Molecular Radiobiology > Flashcards

Ch 31 Molecular Radiobiology Flashcards

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1
Q

What are biologic effects of radiation on future generations called?

A

Genetic/ long term effects

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2
Q

How do biologic effects happen?

A

As a result of radiation damage to DNA in the sperm or ova of an adult

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3
Q

How do germ cell mutations occur?

A

Faulty genetic information is transmitted to the offspring

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4
Q

Define In Vitro:

A

Outside the body

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5
Q

Define In Vivo

A

Inside the body

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6
Q

When are molecules more radiosensitive?

A

In Vivo (due to the oxygen)

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7
Q

What effects can occur when macromolecules are irradiated in solution in vitro?

A

Main-chain scission
Cross-linking
Point lesions (point mutation)

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8
Q

What do Abberrations describe?

A

Breaks in chromosomes due to radiation exposure

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9
Q

What are main-chain scissions?

A

Breakage in the long chain of the molecule

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10
Q

What happens in main-chain scissions?

A

Reduces the size of macro molecules
Changes the viscosity of the fluid
-Makes it thick and slow

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11
Q

What is cross linking?

A

The chemical union created between atoms by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons

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12
Q

Can a cross link form between two places on the same DNA strand?

A

Yes

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13
Q

How does cross linking happen?

A

By indirect action (it hits something else first)

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14
Q

A cross link forming on the same DNA strand is called:

A

An intrastrand cross-link

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15
Q

What are point lesions?

A

Disruption of single chemical bonds

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16
Q

What is another name for a point lesion?

A

Point mutation

17
Q

What can point lesions cause?

A

Stochastic radiation effects

18
Q

What is the most important molecule in the body?

A

DNA

19
Q

What is the most radiosensitive molecule in the body?

A

DNA

20
Q

What does DNA contain?

A

Genetic information

21
Q

What are effects of radiation on DNA?

A

Cell Death
Malignant death
Genetic Damage

22
Q

What are Aberrations?

A

Damage

23
Q

What is Radiolysis of water?

A

The interaction of radiation with water

When water is irritated causing DNA damage

24
Q

Test

What does Radiolysis result in?

A

Hydrogen peroxide

25
Q

How much water is the body made up of?

A

80-85%

26
Q

Most of the interaction of radiation with tissues is between radiation and what?

A

Water

27
Q

What is a Free Radical?

A

An uncharged molecule containing a single unpaired electron in it’s outer shell

28
Q

What charges do water and radiation have?

A

Water molecules have a positive charge and radiation photons create negative charges

29
Q

What is the Target Theory?

A

Area of the cell occupied by the target molecule

Cell death will occur only if the target molecule is inactivated

Target molecule is located within the cell nucleus

Radiation biology (19 decks)

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