Factors affecting speech and language development

Question 1

What are intrinsic factors?

Answer 1

Within-child

Question 2

What are extrinsic factors?

Answer 2

Environmental

Question 3

What are the intrinsic factors?

Answer 3

Genetics
Physical
Neurological
Cognitive development
Sensory abilities
Birth weight
Health
Gender

Question 4

What is fragile X?

Answer 4

Learning disabilities and cognitive impairment

Question 5

What is velocardiofacial syndrome?

Answer 5

Cleft palate

Question 6

What is foxP2?

Answer 6

Genetic factor of speech disorder

Question 7

What is CNTNAP2?

Answer 7

Associated with autism spectrum disorder/specific language impairment

Question 8

What is Landau Kleffner Syndrome?

Answer 8

Age-related epilepsy syndrome of childhood - loss of speech and language skills

Question 9

What focal brain lesions are part of neurological factors?

Answer 9

Trauma
Infection
Bleeding
Cerebral Palsy

Question 10

What craniofacial difficulties are associated with physical abilities?

Answer 10

Cleft palate
Apert syndrome - abnormal development of the skull
DiGeorge syndrome - defect in chromosome 22 - poor development of several body systems

Question 11

What mobility difficulties are associated with physical abilities?

Answer 11

Spina bifida - spine does not develop properly, leaving a gap in the spine
Muscular dystrophies - weaken the musculoskeletal system and hamper locomotion
Celerbral Palsy

These may affect play and interaction opportunities

Question 12

What factors are related with cognitive development?

Answer 12

IQ is generally related to language development - closely linked to vocab development
Generalised development delay
Moderate/severe/profound intellectual impairment

Question 13

What are the sensory-hearing features?

Answer 13

Congenital hearing loss, e.g. sensorineural damage
Temporary hearing loss, e.g. glue ear
- affects vocabulary, sentence structure, speaking

Question 14

What the sensory-vision features?

Answer 14

Limited access to environment
Different feedback from others
Reduced integration of information

Question 15

What are idiopathic disorders?

Answer 15

Disorders of unknown/uncertain origin
Many disorders do not have a known cause, e.g. SLI, autism, ADHD
Although, they are continually being researched and ‘risk factors’ being identified, including genetics, psychological, neurological, health and environmental factors

Question 16

What are the extrinsic factors?

Answer 16

Language environment/parental behaviours
Social disadvantage
Family structure
Deprivation and neglect

Question 17

What are the features to do with language environment?

Answer 17

Infant directed speech
- amount
- type
Parent-child interaction
Opportunities for language learning
Play environment
Parental education
Parental mental health

Question 18

What are the features to do with social disadvantage?

Answer 18

Low socio-economic status (SES) is associated with language delay
- however, this is complex

Question 19

What are the features to do with family structure?

Answer 19

First born and only children may have a slight advantage in language development
Research suggests this is due to the richer language environment
Twin children/multiple births have slightly slower language development than singletons

Question 20

What are the features to do with emotional deprivation and neglect?

Answer 20

A secure emotional and social environment foster interactions - provides safe context for child to experiment with language
Self-esteem can affect functional communication, regardless of language
Extreme deprivaton, e.g. Genie