facial muscles

Question 1

what does scalp stand for

Answer 1

skin (sweat and sebaceous gland, abundant arterial supply, good venous and lymphatic drainage)
connective tissue (highly vascularized subcutaneous layer, well supplied with nerves)
aponeurosis (strong tendinous sheet)
loose areolar tissue (sponge like, allows mvt of 1st 3 layers)
pericranium (forms external periosteum of calvaria)

Question 2

characteristics of facial expression muscles

Answer 2

provide us with the ability to express a wide variety of emotions
lies within the layers of superficial fascia
usually originates in fascia or on bones of skull and insert into the skin

Question 3

which muscles of face expressions are the most important

Answer 3

most important are those surrounding orifices of the head (eyes, nose, mouth) like sphincters and dilators

Question 4

glosso

Answer 4

tongue

Question 5

labi

Answer 5

lip

Question 6

genio

Answer 6

chin

Question 7

mylo

Answer 7

mandible

Question 8

occuli

Answer 8

eye

Question 9

oris

Answer 9

mouth

Question 10

sterno

Answer 10

sternum

Question 11

stylo

Answer 11

styloid process

Question 12

hyo

Answer 12

hyoid bone

Question 13

omo

Answer 13

scapula

Question 14

occipitofrontalis m. actions

Answer 14

frontalis: draws scalp ant, raises eyebrows and wrinkle skin of forehead horizontally
occipitalis; draws scalp post

Question 15

what joins the frontalis and occipitalis m.

Answer 15

galia apeunaronica

Question 16

orbicularis oris m. action

Answer 16

closes and protrudes lips, compresses lips against teeth and shapes lips during speech

Question 17

zygomaticus major action

Answer 17

draws angle of mouth superiorly and laterally as in smiling or laughing

Question 18

zygomaticus minor action

Answer 18

elevates upper lip, exposing maxillary teeth

Question 19

levator anguli oris action

Answer 19

pulls the angle of the mouth upwards

Question 20

levator labii superioris action

Answer 20

elevates upper lip

Question 21

depressor labii inferioris action

Answer 21

depresses lower lip

Question 22

depressor anguli oris action

Answer 22

draws angle of mouth laterally and inferiorly as in opening mouth

Question 23

buccinator action

Answer 23

presses cheeks against teeth and lips (whistling, blowing and sucking), draws corner of mouth laterally and assists in mastication by keeping food btw teeth (and not btw teeth and cheeks)

Question 24

mentalis action

Answer 24

elevates and protrudes lower lip and pulls the skin of the chin up (pouting)

Question 25

risorius action

Answer 25

draws angle of the mouth laterally as in tenseness

Question 26

platysma action

Answer 26

draws outer part of lower lip inferiorly and posteriorly (pouting), depresses mandible

Question 27

orbicularis oculi action

Answer 27

closes the eye

Question 28

corrugator action

Answer 28

draws eyebow inf and wrinkles skin of forehead vertically as in frowning

Question 29

procerus action

Answer 29

wrinkles the skin btw the eyebrows

Question 30

what m. move the mandible (4)

Answer 30

masseter, temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoid

Question 31

masseter action

Answer 31

elevates mandible, as in closing mouth and retracts the mandible

Question 32

temporalis action

Answer 32

elevates and retracts mandible

Question 33

medial pterygoid action

Answer 33

elevates and protracts mandible and moves mandible from side to side

Question 34

lateral pterygoid action

Answer 34

protracts mandible, depresses mandible as in opening mouth and moves mandible from side to side

Question 35

what are the muscles of the tongue (4)

Answer 35

genioglossus styloglossus palatoglossus hyoglossus

Question 36

genioglossus action

Answer 36

depresses tongue and thrusts it anteriorly

Question 37

styloglossus action

Answer 37

elevates tongue and draws it posteriorly

Question 38

palatoglossus action

Answer 38

elevates posterior portion of tongue and draws soft palate down on tongue

Question 39

hyoglossus action

Answer 39

depresses tongue and draws it down its sides

Question 40

what are the muscles of the floor of the oral cavity (4)

Answer 40

digastric (CN V, VII), stylohyoid (CN VII), mylohyoid (CN V) and geniohyoid (CN XII)

Question 41

digastric action

Answer 41

elevates hyoid bone and depresses mandible as in opening the mouth

Question 42

stylohyoid action

Answer 42

elevates hyoid bone and draws it posteriorly

Question 43

mylohyoid action

Answer 43

elevates hyoid bone and floor of mouth and depresses mandible

Question 44

geniohyoid action

Answer 44

elevates hyoid bone, draws hyoid bone and tongue anteriorly and depresses mandible

Question 45

sternocleidomastoid action

Answer 45

bilaterally: flex cervical portion of vertebral column, extend head, elevates sternum during forced inspiration unilaterally: laterally flex and rotate head to side opposite contracting m.

Question 46

extrinsic muscles of larynx (infrahyoid)

Answer 46

omohyoid (C1-C3), sternohyoid (C1-C3), sternothyroid (C1-C3), thyrohyoid (CN XII, C1)

Question 47

omohyoid action

Answer 47

depresses hyoid bone

Question 48

sternohyoid action

Answer 48

depresses hyoid bone

Question 49

sternothyroid action

Answer 49

depresses thyroid cartilage of larynx

Question 50

thyrohyoid action

Answer 50

elevates thyroid cartilage and depresses hyoid bone