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254 midterm > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the nervous system

A

central nervous system

peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the PNS

A

autonomic division and somatic division

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3
Q

what is important about the somatic division

A

SKELETAL MUSCLES ONLY

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4
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the autonomic divison

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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5
Q

the ANS consists of:

A
  1. autonomic sensory neurons
  2. integrating centers
  3. autonomic motor neurons
  4. enteric division
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6
Q

consists of fibers that innervate involuntary muscles

A

ANS

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7
Q

what travels together in the ANS

A

the visceral afferent and efferent

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8
Q

What are the afferent components

A

autonomic reflexes and pain fibers

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9
Q

what are the efferent components

A

regulation of visceral function

always 2 motor neurons in series (myelinated-unmyelinated)

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10
Q

how many motor neurons are in the SNS

A

1

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11
Q

where does the motor neuron synapse in the ANS

A

outside the spinal cord at the autonomic ganglion

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12
Q

what does the visceral efferent pathway of the PNS affect

A 
smooth muscles (contract/relax)
cardiac muscles (increase or decrease rate/force of contraction)
glands (increase or decrease secretion)
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13
Q

what is the difference btw ganglia and plexus

A 
ganglia= bundle of neurons
plexus = bundle of ganglia
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14
Q

what are examples of ganglias and plexuses

A

celiac plexus
sup mesenteric plexus
inf mesenteric plexus

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15
Q

what other names are there for the divisions of the ANs

A 
sympathetic = thoracolumbar
parasympathetic = craniosacral
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16
Q

where are the neurons of the visceral efferent pathway

A

in lateral grey bodies and some in the anterior horn

17
Q

what is the path of the visceral efferent pathway

A

preganglionic neuron
synapse in the autonomic ganglion
postganglionic neuron
effector

18
Q

what are the 3 locations of the autonomic ganglia

A

sympathetic trunk
prevertebral (collateral) ganglion
terminal (intramural) ganglion

19
Q

what are the locations of ganglia that cause a sympathetic response

A

sympathetic trunk and prevertebral ganglion

20
Q

the sympathetic trunk

A

located closely on each side of the vertebral column parallel to it

21
Q

prevertebral ganglion

A

anterior to the large abdominal arteries and vertebral column
take their names from the celiac artery, superior&inferior mesenteric artery

22
Q

from wich division do the sympathetic trunk and prevertebral ganglia recieve their preganglionic fibers

A

thoracolumbar division of the ANS

23
Q

terminal ganglion

A

very close of in the visceral effectors

they recieve their preganglionic fibers from the craniosacral division of the ANS

24
Q

where are the cell bodies of the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic divison

A

in the lateral grey horns of the s.c.

25
Q

where do the autonomic efferent fibers leave

A

ventral root of spinal nerve accompanying the somatic efferent fibers

26
Q

what are the spinal segments involved in the sympathetic divison

A

T1-T12, L1,L2

27
Q

what is the path in the sympathetic division

see slide 22

A

preganglionic fibers enter the sympathetic trunk by way of the white rami communicans from the ventral ramus of the spinal nerve
they can synapse there of go up to synapse with the postganglionic neuron
postganglionic fibers enter ventral rami of spinal nerve by way of the gray rami communicans
effector

28
Q

do all presynaptic sympathetic fibers synapse in the sympathetic trunk

A

no, some go through it but synapse later in prevertebral ganglia

29
Q

what are presynaptic nerves found below the diaphragm called

A

splanchnic nerves

30
Q

with how many postsynaptic neurons can 1 presynaptic neuron synapse

A

as many as 20

31
Q

what does 20 synapses signify

A

sympathetic responses have a wide spread effect on the body

32
Q

what is the celiac plexus also called

A

solar plexus

33
Q

what is the celiac plexus comprised of

A

paired celiac ganglia, sup mesenteric ganglia and other small ganglia

34
Q

where is the solar plexus

A

in the ant aorta at the origin of the celiac artery

35
Q

where are the preganglionic cells bodies found in the parasympathetic division

A

lateral grea horns of s.c. but also in the nuclei of cranial nerves III,VII,IX,X

36
Q

do all presynaptic parasympathetic neurons synapse in the terminal ganglia

A

yes

37
Q

what are the functions of the sympathetic division

A
  • preganglionic fibers release Ach
  • postganglionic release norepinephrine except sweat glands (Ach)
    increase activities of the organs
    adrenergic fibers
    fight or flight
38
Q

what happens in a fight or flight situation

A

increase HR, adrenaline prod
increase BF to skeletal and cardiac m
vasoconstriction of non essential organs

39
Q

what are the functions of the parasympathetic division

A

pre and post ganglionic fibers release Ach
decrease activity
cholinergic fibers
maintains homeostasis

254 midterm (11 decks)

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