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Clinical Chemistry (CC 1) > (F) L5: GITP: Small Intestine > Flashcards

(F) L5: GITP: Small Intestine Flashcards

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1
Q

The SI is where (initial/intermediate/final) digestion happens

A

Final

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2
Q

Absorption in the SI is possible through what kind of diffusion and transport? (2)

A
  1. Passive diffusion
  2. Active transport
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3
Q

Parts of the SI

  • First portion
  • Shortest region: 10 inches
  • Where secretions are emptied from the stomach, gallbladder, and pancreas through the bile ducts
  • Calcium, Magnesium, and Iron are absorbed
A

Duodenum

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4
Q

Parts of the SI

  • 3 feet long and is the major site of nutrient absorption
  • Where fat and water-soluble vitamins, amino acids, and monosaccharides are absorbed
  • Made up of circular folds (villi) which are made up of microvilli containing capillaries and lacteals where fatty acids and lipids are absorbed
A

Jejunum

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5
Q

Parts of the SI

These are made up of microvilli which contains capillaries and lacteals, wherein fatty acids and lipids are absorbed

A

Villi

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6
Q

Parts of the SI

10 cm
A. Jejunum
B. Duodenum
C. Ileum
D. Neither

A

D. Neither (the duodenum is 10 INCHES long)

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7
Q

Parts of the SI

3 feet long
A. Jejunum
B. Duodenum
C. Ileum
D. Neither

A

A. Jejunum

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8
Q

Parts of the SI

  • The longest part: 6 feet
  • It joins the large intestine (proximal to the cecum) where water and electrolytes are absorbed
  • Where B12 and bile acids are absorbed
A

Ileum

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9
Q

Parts of the SI

B12 and Bile Acids are absorbed
A. Jejunum
B. Ileum
C. Large Intestine

A

B. Ileum

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10
Q

Parts of the SI

Water and electrolytes are absorbed
A. Jejunum
B. Ileum
C. Large Intestine

A

C. Large Intestine

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11
Q

Parts of the SI

Longest portion: 6 feet long
A. Duodenum
B. Jejunum
C. Ileum

A

C. Ileum

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12
Q

Digestion of Carbs in the SI

The only unit of carbohydrate that is absorbed by the intestine

A

Monosaccharides

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13
Q

Digestion of Carbs in the SI

This amylase is responsible for the initial digestion of CHO

A

Salivary

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14
Q

Digestion of Carbs in the SI

This amylase acts on partially digested carbohydrates responsible for the preliminary digestion of CHO

A

Pancreatic

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15
Q

Digestion of Carbs in the SI

What are the 2 isoenzymes of amylase?

A

Pancreatic and Salivary

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16
Q

Digestion of Carbs in the SI

This converts carbohydrates to become monosaccharides, digesting each particle into their simplest form which is absorbable by the intestine

A

Brush Border Enzymes (BBE)

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17
Q

Digestion of Carbs in the SI

A deficiency of Brush Border Enzymes leads to?

A

Malabsorption

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18
Q

Brush Border Enzymes

Acts on dextrin

A

Alpha Dextrinase

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19
Q

Brush Border Enzymes

Breaks down sucrose to glucose and fructose

A

Sucrase

20
Q

Brush Border Enzymes

Breaks down lactose to glucose and galactose

A

Lactase

21
Q

Brush Border Enzymes

Breaks down maltose to 2 glucose units

A

Maltase

22
Q

Digestion of Carbs in the SI

This condition results from lactase deficiency and manifests with diarrheic stools, bloating, and metabolic acidosis

A

Lactose Intolerance

23
Q

Digestion of Proteins in the SI

Protein digestion starts in the stomach with the aid of what?

A

Pepsin

24
Q

Digestion of Proteins in the SI

Proteins are degraded into what for intestinal absorption?

A

Amino acids

25
Q

Digestion of Proteins in the SI

Refers to the group of enzymes consisting of Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, and Elastase

A

Endopeptidases

26
Q

Digestion of Proteins in the SI

Refers to the group of enzymes consisting of Carboxypeptidase and Aminopeptidase

A

Exopeptidases

26
Q

Digestion of Proteins in the SI

Brush Border Enzymes (BBEs) are responsible for digesting proteins into its absorbable form such as? (3)

A
  1. Polypeptides
  2. Peptides
  3. Amino acids
27
Q

Digestion of Proteins in the SI

Brush Border Enzymes (BBEs) are those of what 2 enzymes?

A
  1. Aminopeptidase
  2. Dipeptidase
28
Q

Digestion of Lipids in the SI

These enzymes split up TAG and phospholipids

A

Lipases

29
Q

Digestion of Lipids in the SI

What are the 3 types of lipases?

A
  1. Lingual
  2. Gastric
  3. Pancreatic
30
Q

Digestion of Lipids in the SI

  • The most important lipase
  • A deficiency of this leads to malabsorption and manifests as steatorrheaic stool
A

Pancreatic lipase

31
Q

Digestion of Lipids in the SI

A deficiency of pancreatic lipase leads to malabsorption and manifests as steatorrheaic stool which can also be seen in what parasite infection?

A

Giardiasis

32
Q

Digestion of Lipids in the SI

This process is due to the action of bile acids which acts on fat by inserting micelles in the lipids, making them water-soluble

A

Fat emulsification

33
Q

Digestion of Lipids in the SI

Fats need to be (blank) in order for them to be absorbed by the body, via the breakage of micelles

A

Water-soluble

34
Q

Digestion of Lipids in the SI

This is the specific area where fats are absorbed

A

Lacteals (in the jejunum)

35
Q

Digestion of Nucleic Acids

This is made up of a nucleoside and a phosphate group

A

Nucleotides

36
Q

Digestion of Nucleic Acids

This is when a sugar backbone combines with nitrogenous bases (A, G, T, C)

A

Nucleosides

37
Q

Digestion of Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are degraded into the sugar portion known as?

A

Nucleotides

Note: It also has the bases and phosphate groups which are absorbable

38
Q

Digestion of Nucleic Acids

Produced in the pancreas
A. Ribonucleases
B. Deoxyribonucleases
C. Both
D. Neither

A

C. Both

39
Q

Digestion of Nucleic Acids

Aside from ribonucleases and deoxyribonucleases, what are the other 2 enzymes?

A
  1. Phosphatases
  2. Nucleases
40
Q

Digestion of CHO
A. Salivary amylase
B. Pancreatic amylase
C. Both
D. Neither

A

C. Both

41
Q

Digestion of CHO

Digestion of CHO (enzymes)
A. Maltose
B. Lactase
C. Both
D. Neither

A

B. Lactase (maltose should be MALTASE)

42
Q

Digestion of CHO (enzymes)
A. Beta dextrinase
B. Alpha dextrinase
C. Both
D. Neither

A

B. Alpha dextrinase

43
Q

Digestion of CHON
A. Endopeptidase
B. Exopeptidase
C. Both
D. Neither

A

C. Both

44
Q

Digestion of CHON
A. Aminopeptidase
B. Tripeptidase
C. Both
D. Neither

A

A. Aminopeptidase (should be dipeptidase)

45
Q

Digestion of lipids:
A. Lingual lipase
B. Gastric lipase
C. Gallbladder lipase
D. A and B
E. B and C

A

D. A and B (the other is pancreatic lipase)

46
Q

Digestion of lipids:
A. Phosphatases
B. Nucleases
C. Both
D. Neither

A

D. Neither (both are for the digestion of nucleic acids)

Clinical Chemistry (CC 1) (33 decks)

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