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Clinical Chemistry (CC 1) > (F) L5: GITP: Large Intestine > Flashcards

(F) L5: GITP: Large Intestine Flashcards

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1
Q

The large intestine starts from the distal ileum to the anus which measures how long?

A

5 feet

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2
Q

Which among the ileum and large intestine is longer?

A

Ileum (6 feet long)

Note: The large intestine is only 5 feet long

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3
Q

TOF: Secretion of substances and storage of feces are the important functions of the large intestine

A

False (reabsorption, not secretion)

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4
Q

If 1L of water is absorbed, how much of it becomes stool and is reabsorbed by the intestines? (2 answers)

A

200mL becomes stool while 800mL is reabsorbed

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5
Q

TOF: Sodium, chloride, and some fat-soluble vitamins are reabsorbed

A

False (WATER-soluble)

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6
Q

Mechanism of Undigested Food

Unidgested food is acted upon by what microorganisms?

A

Bacteria

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7
Q

Mechanism of Undigested Food

Carbohydrates become what?

A

Gasses

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8
Q

Mechanism of Undigested Food

Proteins will become what?

A

Amino acids

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9
Q

Mechanism of Undigested Food

Amino acids will become what? (3)

A
  1. Indole
  2. Skatole
  3. H2S
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10
Q

Mechanism of Undigested Food

This end product of amino acid breakdown is responsible for the odor of stool

A

Skatole

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11
Q

Mechanism of Undigested Food

Bilirubin becomes this substance which is responsible for the color of stool

A

Stercobilin

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12
Q

Intestinal Diseases

  • A deficiency of lactase leading to the accumulation of lactose
  • Manifests with bloating and diarrhea
A

Lactose Intolerance

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13
Q

Intestinal Diseases

  • Aka Tropical Sprue
  • Associated with cereals which triggers auto antibodies thereby producing disease in the SI
  • Has a tropical and non-tropical type
A

Celiac Disease

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14
Q

Intestinal Diseases

Caused by Treponema whipplei

A

Whipple’s Disease

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15
Q

Intestinal Diseases

Inflammation of the SI

A

Crohn’s Disease

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16
Q

Intestinal Diseases

Intestinal cancer

A

Primary Intestinal Lymphoma

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17
Q

Intestinal Diseases

Loss of oxygen in the intestine

A

Ischemia

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18
Q

Intestinal Diseases

Is caused by microorganisms

A

Amyloidosis

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19
Q

Intestinal Diseases

Caused by parasites (especially Giardia), viruses, and the like

A

Infection

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20
Q

Intestinal Diseases

Caused by microoganisms:
A. Whipple’s Disease
B. Amyloidosis
C. Infection
D. All of the above
E. None of the above

A

D. All of the above

  • Whipple - Treponema whipplei
  • Amyloidosis - microorganisms
  • Infection - parasites and viruses
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21
Q

Intestinal Diseases

Caused by ingestion of certain foods:
A. Celiac Disease
B. Lactose Intolerance
C. Both
D. Neither

A

C. Both

  • Celiac for cereal
  • Lactose intolerance for dairy
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22
Q

Aka Tropical Sprue
A. Non-tropical celiac disease
B. Crohn’s disease
C. Both
D. Neither

A

A. Non-tropical celiac disease (just celiac disease in general)

23
Q

Intestinal Function Tests

An invasive procedure used to diagnose lactose intolerance as well as malabsorption

A

Oral Lactose Tolerance Test (OLTT)

24
Q

Intestinal Function Tests (OLTT)

How many grams of lactose is given to the patient alongside 200mL of water?

A

50 grams

25
Q

Intestinal Function Tests (OLTT)

How many samples are drawn and at what time intervals?

A
  1. FBS at 30 mins.
  2. 1 hour
  3. 2 hours
26
Q

Intestinal Function Tests (OLTT)

Interpret results:
> 30 mg/dL in FBS

A

Normal

27
Q

Intestinal Function Tests (OLTT)

Interpret results:
20-30 mg/dL in FBS

A

Borderline

28
Q

Intestinal Function Tests (OLTT)

Interpret results:
< 20 mg/dL in FBS

A

Lactose Intolerant

29
Q

Intestinal Function Tests

  • A non-invasive test used instead of the OLTT
  • When lactose is acted upon by bacteria, this will yield lactic acid which is the analyte being measured
A

Hydrogen Gas Breath Test

30
Q

Intestinal Function Tests

In a lactose intolerant person (someone who lacks lactase), if the enzyme will not act upon the lactose ingested, what will?

A

Bacteria

31
Q

Intestinal Function Tests (Breath Test)

TOF: Hydrogen gas is measured in a non-fasting sample

A

False (overnight fast)

32
Q

Intestinal Function Tests (Breath Test)

How much lactose is given alongside 180mL of water?

A

50 grams

33
Q

Intestinal Function Tests (Breath Test)

Hydrogen gas is measured by intervals of what?

A

15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes

34
Q

Intestinal Function Tests (Breath Test)

Interpret results:
< 5ppm

A

Normal

35
Q

Intestinal Function Tests (Breath Test)

Interpret results:
Greater than 200 ppm

A

Significant for Lactose Intolerance

36
Q

Intestinal Function Tests (Breath Test)

Interpret results:
Greater than 20 ppm

A

Lactose intolerance

Note: Manual-based

37
Q

50 grams of glucose is given
A. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
B. Hydrogen Breath Test
C. Both
D. Neither

A

C. Both

  • OLTT is given with 200mL of water
  • H2 Breath Test is given with 180mL of water
38
Q

Is measured at intervals of 30, 60, and 120 only
A. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
B. Hydrogen Breath Test
C. Both
D. Neither

A

A. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

  • H2 Breath Test has an interval of: 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120
39
Q

Intestinal Function Tests

A non-invasive method measuring the absorptive capacity of the intestine

A

D-Xylose Test

40
Q

Intestinal Function Tests

TOF: Xylose is a disaccharide sugar, therefore, it is not ready to be absorbed

A

False (it is a monosaccharide therefore it CAN be absorbed)

41
Q

Intestinal Function Tests

TOF: Xylose is normally present in the blood because only around 80% of it is excreted in the stool

A

False (should NOT be in the blood as 100% of it is excreted in the URINE

Note: Ante anuna minali ko na lahat

42
Q

Intestinal Function Tests (D-Xylose)

This interference can decrease xylose results

A

Aspirin

43
Q

Intestinal Function Tests (D-Xylose)

This interference (medication) is given to rheumatoid arthritis patients as it can inhibit D-Xylose values therefore decreasing results

A

Indomethacin

44
Q

Intestinal Function Tests (D-Xylose)

Intereferences that can increase results:
A. Aspirin
B. Indomethacin
C. Both
D. Neither

A

D. Neither (should be decrease for both)

45
Q

Intestinal Function Tests (D-Xylose)

How much D-xylose is given alongside 250mL of water for ADULTS?

A

25 grams

46
Q

Intestinal Function Tests (D-Xylose)

How much D-xylose is given alongside 250mL of water for CHILDREN?

A

0.5 grams per kg of body weight

47
Q

Intestinal Function Tests (D-Xylose)

After 1 hour upon ingestion of D-xylose, how much water should the patient drink?

A

250mL

48
Q

Intestinal Function Tests (D-Xylose)

After 5 hours upon ingestion of D-xylose, what specimen should be collected?

A

Urine

49
Q

Intestinal Function Tests (D-Xylose)

250mL of water
A. After 30 minutes
B. After 1 hour
C. Both
D. Neither

A

B. After 1 hour (the other is upon starting the test)

50
Q

Intestinal Function Tests (D-Xylose)

Interpret results:
4 grams of xylose in urine after 5 hours

A

Normal

51
Q

Intestinal Function Tests (D-Xylose)

Interpret results:
< 4 grams of xylose in urine after 5 hours

A

Intestinal absorption defect

52
Q

Intestinal Function Tests

What are the 3 major carotenoids in human serum?

A
  1. Lycopene
  2. Xanthophyll
  3. Beta carotene
53
Q

Intestinal Function Tests

  • This produces a yellow to orange or purple pigment
  • Are fat soluble which makes them absorbable in the intestine in association with lipids
  • A decrease of these is associated with malabsorption
A

Serum Carotenoids

54
Q

Intestinal Function Tests (Serum Carotenoids)

What is the normal value?

A

50 to 250 mg/dL

Clinical Chemistry (CC 1) (33 decks)

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