EYEWITNESS Flashcards
what is easterbrook’s cue-utilization hypothesis
emotion/arousal leads to decreases in the number of details people cam attend to so they attend only to central details
-attention narrowing
what is the weapon focus effect (WFE)
memory for details of an event other than the weapon, including memory for the person holding the weapon, is poorer than if no weapon was present
why is collection of detailed descriptions from witness/victims help forensics
- basis for limiting the search for possible suspects
- provides details for an artist’s sketch of suspect
- used for selection of foils for photo-spread or live lineup
- determining accuracy of witness
what is verbal overshadowing
how can it be eminated/reversed
describing a face can hinder ability to recognize that face later
if witness asked not to guess
verbal overshadowing effect is stronger when __ and __
encouraged to elaborate on description
recognition is requested immediately
what may be the verbal overshadowing mechanisms
- recoding interference
- transfer inappropriate processing shift
- criterion shift
- combination, depending on conditions
what is metacognition
what does it involve
knowledge and beliefs about our own cognitions
knowledge, monitoring processes and control processes
when an eyewitness testifies __
we can expect their memory to be the same or even poorer, but their confidence to be higher
-overconfidence bias
-confidence inflation may reflect hindsight bias
what is encoding
transformation of initial experience into representation (memory trace)
-include info generated by perceptual and reflective processes used to comprehend event, as well as prior knowledge activated
what is the period between encoding and remembering called
protein synthesis strengthens it, a process called __
process of reactivating store representation is called __
storage
consolidation
retrieval
recognition tests involve __
recall tests involve __
distinguishing between stimuli that was encountered before experiment
-e.g., lineup identifications
generating response to cue
what is the cross-race effect
descriptions/identifications of prepetrators of different race more error prone than same race
what is reminiscence
what is hypermnesia
recall info not previously recalled during past tests
newly recalled info exceeds amount of info forgotten previously
what is consolidation
what is reconsolidation
biological process by which memory moves from fragile to stable state over time
being reminded of previous experience may make original memory more vulnerable to interference/modification
what is a key way to avoid memory errors
ensure expectations about memory task (metamnemoic knowledge) reflect specific features necessary to discriminate between true and false memories
-e.g., graded recollection/Memory Characteristic Questionnaire
