AFTER INNOCENCE Flashcards
many individual factors can influence ability to successfully reintegrate into society
some are present before conviction (__), some occur during incarceration (__) and others occur during reintegration (__)
individual characteristics, worldviews, psychological processes
trauma, abuse, coping strategies, sentence length, social support
mental/physical health, social support, fear/guilt, therapy
what is counterfactual thinking
people think about possible alternatives to events that have already happened
what is upward counterfactual thinking
people think about what they could have done differently to improve their current situation
what is downward counterfactual thinking
people think about ways their situation could have been worse
what are the problems associated with upward counterfactual thinking
increases negative affect (causality, preventability, blame)
increases feelings of regret, dissatisfaction, guilt, shame, anxiety and psychological distress
what is locus of control (LOC)
belief that important personal outcomes are either result of personal control (internal LOC) or result of fate, chance and powerful others (external LOC)
all prisoners face potential mental harms such as __, __, __ and __
they are also more susceptible to __
distrust of others
institutionalization
deindivuation
extreme prison overcrowding
PTSD
exonerees rely on positive coping mechanisms, give examples
religious practices
meeting with/helping other exonerees re-acclimate
meaning-making coping (find a purpose)
mental health counseling
there are many reasons as to why exonerees lack occupational skills, what are they
- convicted at fairly young age
- they spend an average of 14 years behind bars, and society/technology changed
- do not receive training and service programs usually provided since they are abruptly released
what are the two types of exoneree compensation
- money compensation
- provision of other necessary services (e.g., job training)
what is expungement
process of destroying record of criminal conviction or sealing it from state/federal registry
absence of expungement affects exoneree reintegration in many ways, what are they
- difficult to obtain employment since they have a criminal record
- limits legal rights (e.g., voting, adopting)
- reduce ability to obtain government assistance and documents
what is the “Ban the Box” campaign
began as a result of employment difficulties after completed sentences
aim to remove questions regarding felony convictions from job applications through legislation and companies voluntary compliance
community sentiment toward exoneree services can vary depending on __
crime and they way in which they were wrongfully convicted
people are less likely to support psychological services, career services and job training when __
falsey confessed than when they were convicted by erroneous eyewitness identification
what is procedural justice
what are the two types
perceived fairness of methods used during decision making
quality of decision making and quality of treatment
what is process control
what is decision control
extent to which people can present evidence on own behalf
whether people have voice in decision
people more likely to have positive sentiment toward procedure when __ or when __
people feel the two types of procedural justice occur
people feel that they have process or decision control
stigma can take the form of __, __ or __
stigma toward exonerees is likely result of __
body abominations: people are visibly different from others
blemishes of character: stigma not physically visible
tribal stigmas: people belong to stigmatized group of lineage
blemishes of character
stigma toward exonerees could be related to what 4 factors
- whether exonerees were released before or after public awareness of their innocence
- way public officials react to release
- whether police caught the actual prepetrator
- how media potrays them
four major theoretical models explain reasons why stigmatization may occur, what are they
- fundamental attribution error
- just world beliefs
- stigma by association
- the contact hypothesis
attributions of blame predict __
people assign internal attributions when __, whereas people assign external attributions when __
perceptions of responsibility
they attribute behaviour to person’s stable traits
attribute behaviour to changeable environment
what is the fundamental attribution error
people’s tendency to attribute other people’s behaviour to internal factors and attribute their own behaviour to external factors
what is the just world theory
people want to believe that their efforts are reciprocated
-people sometimes motivated to restore injustice to reduce psychological discomfort
what is stigma by association
people are devalued because they associate with another stigmatized group
-simply being in contact with person is enough to be stigmatized
what is the contact hypothesis
face-to-face interaction between an in-group (dominant group) and an out-group (minority group) will reduce prejudice
-info sources can be enough to reduce prejudice
doubt of innocence is related to issues of __
perceptions of judicially released guilty persons, type of crime wrongfully convicted of and whether they have past criminal records
what are the consequences of stigmatization
affect compensation by the government
result in loss of relationships with family
affect whether employers are willing to hire
influence landlords who may rent
