AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY Flashcards
__ is important to determine if experience is remembered or forgetten
loss of info over time likely caused by __
retrieving/rehearsing memory
memory not being used (loss of synaptic connectivity over time)
what is an important source of transience
initial encoding of info into memory
degree of activity during encoding in __ and __ predicted remembering/forgetting
left hemisphere activity reflects __ whereas right hemisphere reflects __
parahippocampal (LH/RH)
inferior frontal regions in RH
verbal encoding
nonverbal encoding
short-term memory loss deficit attributed to __
phonological loop, which is necessary for holding small amounts of speech-based info
what are the two key components of phonological loop
damage to this area results in __
- phonological store
- rehearsal mechanism that maintains content
rapid forgetting of speech based info
what is absent-mindedness
forgetting caused by insufficient attention to stimulus at time of encoding or retrieval because attended info processed superficially
-lapses of attention during encoding or during attempted retrieval
what is encoding error
what is shallow encoding
*relates to absent-mindedness
actions carried out automatically and attention is focused elsewhere
encoding does not proceed beyond categorical level, thus poor recollection of details and vulnerability to change blindness
when one is provided with cues related to sought-after time but unable to elicit, it is a __
this can occur in __ and __ memory
retrieval block
episodic and semantic memory
what is the most studied example of blocking
tip-of-the-tongue state (TOT): unable to produce word/name but have subjective conviction that items is available in memory
what is the part-set cueing effect
*relates to blocking
retrieval cues related to previously studied work can block (inhibit) retrieval of target
-seen in studies on episodic memory
what is cryptomensia
misattribute thought/idea to own imagination when they are really retrieving it from prior experience
what is a bias
distorting influences of present knowledge, beliefs and feelings on recollection of previous experiences
if one believes they are stable (unchanged) over time, then __
*relates to bias
overestimate consistency between past attitudes and current ones thus relied on current attitudes/feelings to guide reconstruction of past events
encoding/retrieval highly dependent on and influenced by __
past experiences may be coloured by __
pre-existing knowledge/beliefs
present mood and emotional state
what is persistence
remembering fact/event that prefer to forget
-intrusive recollections of traumatic events, rumination of negative symptoms/events and chronic fear/phobias
-loss of cognitive control over encoding/retrieval
what is rumination and regret
*relates to persistence
dwell on current and past events related to current negative mood states, generating alternative or counterfactual scenarios of what might have been
__ modulate retrieval in think-nothink paradigm, explain
GABA
positive association with higher GABA in hippocampus= greater ability to suppress “no think” items
what are some examples of misattribution
source memory confusion
false recall
false recognition
deja vu
what is a common form of retrospective bias
consistency bias: rewrite past to make it consistent with current knowledge, beliefs and feelings
what is change blindness
inability to detect changes in scenes unless we are looking at the location of change when it happens
-can result in discrepancies between perceived and actual knowledge
-e.g., door study
*example of absent-mindedness
what is intentional blindness
missing important or unexpected information when we are focused on other information
-e.g., gorilla video
*example of absent-mindedness
what is retrieval induced inhibition
remembering one thing causes you to forget other things
-retrieval of particular item decreases memorability of related items
what is an forensic example of retrieval induced inhibition
witnesses recall event repeatedly
-repeated recall may lead to forgetting of other info
misattribution includes what three things
- false recognition and recall of unseen items
- source monitoring errors
- illusion of remembering
what is the implicitly theory of change and stability
*related to bias
we believe that we are consistent in our attitudes, beliefs and feelings, though this is untrue
what are flashbulb memories
special type of autobiographical memory
-usually for reception of an event rather than the event itself
-vivid, detailed, confident
what are the major canonical features of flashbulb memories
unchanging details
recall of ongoing activity
source of information
location of reception event
what are subjective measures of memory accuracy
belief:feeling of accuracy
recollection:feeling of remembering
a dissociation is created using objective and subjective memories of accuracy, explain
objective measures: flashbulb memories similar (equal to) autobiographical memories
subjective measures: flashbulb memories more accurate than autobiographical memories
flashbulb memories (FBM) show a unique kind of persistence, explain
FBM equal to ordinary autobio memories for consitency, longevity (proxy for accuracy)
FBM greater than ordinary autobio memories for vividness and sense of recollection (confidence), valence, emotional intensity and rehearsal
