DECEPTION DETECTION

Question 1

a polygraph compares __ to __, which is known as __

Answer 1

control questions (e.g., is your name __)
relevant queations (e.g., did you steal the ferrari)

control question test/comparison question test

Question 2

another test used by polygraph is the __

Answer 2

guilty knowledge test/concealed info test
-does suspect know details of crime only perpetrator would know?
-multiple choice questions

Question 3

during control questions, what is an effective countermeasure to polygraph

during relevant questions, what is an effective countermeasure to polygraph

Answer 3

apply physical pressure to toes or tongue to raise polygraph-relevant physiological responses

engage in mental distraction to reduce responses (e.g., counting backwards)

Question 4

why is demeanor a technique for deception detection

Answer 4

1. involuntary emotional responses and leakage
2. cognitive demands reduce attentional capacity
3. conscious attempts to control behaviour
4. attempts to make story credible may result in lack of spontaneity, unwillingness to be uncertain, too logical

Question 5

while investigating verbal behaviours using criterion based content analysis (CBCA), Vrij found what 4 characteristics to be heavily supported
what three characteristics are poorly supported

Answer 5

unstructured production (84%)
quantity of details (80%)
contextual embedding (69%)
reproduction of conversations (69%)

accurately reported details misunderstood (12%)
raising doubts about own testimony (18%)
self deprecation (0%)

Question 6

what is darwins inhibition hypothesis

this is related to __

Answer 6

certain facial actions are involuntary and occur only when a particular emotion truly occurs

microexpressions: expressions reflecting felt emotion, discordant with expressed emotion

Question 7

what are the four cognitive approaches to strategic interviewing

Answer 7

1. reverse order (RO) reporting
2. eye contact
3. unanticipated questions
4. devils advocate

Question 8

what is the strategic use of evidence (SUE)

Answer 8

interviewer withholds information during question, which traps suspect in inconsistencies later

Question 9

what is the best approach for deception detection

Answer 9

strategic interviewing and relying on multiple cues

Question 10

accuracy rates reflect common bias __

Answer 10

toward believing others a truthful, even when provided with info about the base rate of deception in lie-detection task

Question 11

the reid technique consists of three components, what are they

Answer 11

1. factual analysis
2. behavioural analysis interview
3. interrogation

Question 12

in the reid technique, what is factual analysis

Answer 12

evaluating each suspect with respect to facts of case thus eliminating improbable suspects

Question 13

in the reid technique, what is behavioural analysis interview

Answer 13

structured interviewed conducted with suspect to
1. establish baseline verbal/nonverbal behaviour
2. ask behaviour provoking questions to elicit different verbal/nonverbal responses from truthful (vs. deceptive) suspects

Question 14

what cues are supported by the textbook
these cues are moderated by __ and __

Answer 14

liars appear more tense, are less forthright and tell less compelling stories

motivation
type of lie that occurred

Question 15

the cognitive load theory of deceptive behaviour suggests __

Answer 15

liars will behave differently from truth tellers because their task is more cognitively demanding than truth tellers

Question 16

liars exhibit __

Answer 16

stability bias: failure to accurately estimate effects of forgetting on verbal behaviour

Question 17

why might stability bias occur in liars

Answer 17

1. false beliefs regaerding memory performance over time
2. cognitive difficulty with accurately estimating the typical rate of forgetting
3. an unwillingness to leave out details as doing so could lead to suspicion

Question 18

what is the goal of the SUE technique

Answer 18

elicit cues of deception by strategically disclosing evidence
-disclose in strategic, gradual manner, wherein liars will be more likely to make statement-evidence inconsistencies

Question 19

what is a statement-evidence inconsistency

Answer 19

discrepancy between suspects’ accounts and evidence presented by interviewer

Question 20

what is a within-statement inconsistency

Answer 20

suspect’s account changes to fit the evidence presented by the interviewer, making it inconsistent with their earlier statement

Question 21

the most effective technique for lie detection was __ followed by __

Answer 21

imposing load (e.g., maintaining eyecontact)
asking unexpected questions

Question 22

Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) have implemented machine learning of __ and __ to detect deceit

Answer 22

natural language processing
automation

Question 23

using LIWC and other technological profiling, what characteristics did liars demonstrate

Answer 23

experienced greater cognitive load (fewer words, less diverse in word choice, less complex stories)
experienced more anger
distanced self from event (use more second/third person pronouns)
referred less often to cognitive processes