DECEPTION DETECTION Flashcards
a polygraph compares __ to __, which is known as __
control questions (e.g., is your name __)
relevant queations (e.g., did you steal the ferrari)
control question test/comparison question test
another test used by polygraph is the __
guilty knowledge test/concealed info test
-does suspect know details of crime only perpetrator would know?
-multiple choice questions
during control questions, what is an effective countermeasure to polygraph
during relevant questions, what is an effective countermeasure to polygraph
apply physical pressure to toes or tongue to raise polygraph-relevant physiological responses
engage in mental distraction to reduce responses (e.g., counting backwards)
why is demeanor a technique for deception detection
- involuntary emotional responses and leakage
- cognitive demands reduce attentional capacity
- conscious attempts to control behaviour
- attempts to make story credible may result in lack of spontaneity, unwillingness to be uncertain, too logical
while investigating verbal behaviours using criterion based content analysis (CBCA), Vrij found what 4 characteristics to be heavily supported
what three characteristics are poorly supported
unstructured production (84%)
quantity of details (80%)
contextual embedding (69%)
reproduction of conversations (69%)
accurately reported details misunderstood (12%)
raising doubts about own testimony (18%)
self deprecation (0%)
what is darwins inhibition hypothesis
this is related to __
certain facial actions are involuntary and occur only when a particular emotion truly occurs
microexpressions: expressions reflecting felt emotion, discordant with expressed emotion
what are the four cognitive approaches to strategic interviewing
- reverse order (RO) reporting
- eye contact
- unanticipated questions
- devils advocate
what is the strategic use of evidence (SUE)
interviewer withholds information during question, which traps suspect in inconsistencies later
what is the best approach for deception detection
strategic interviewing and relying on multiple cues
accuracy rates reflect common bias __
toward believing others a truthful, even when provided with info about the base rate of deception in lie-detection task
the reid technique consists of three components, what are they
- factual analysis
- behavioural analysis interview
- interrogation
in the reid technique, what is factual analysis
evaluating each suspect with respect to facts of case thus eliminating improbable suspects
in the reid technique, what is behavioural analysis interview
structured interviewed conducted with suspect to
1. establish baseline verbal/nonverbal behaviour
2. ask behaviour provoking questions to elicit different verbal/nonverbal responses from truthful (vs. deceptive) suspects
what cues are supported by the textbook
these cues are moderated by __ and __
liars appear more tense, are less forthright and tell less compelling stories
motivation
type of lie that occurred
the cognitive load theory of deceptive behaviour suggests __
liars will behave differently from truth tellers because their task is more cognitively demanding than truth tellers
liars exhibit __
stability bias: failure to accurately estimate effects of forgetting on verbal behaviour
why might stability bias occur in liars
- false beliefs regaerding memory performance over time
- cognitive difficulty with accurately estimating the typical rate of forgetting
- an unwillingness to leave out details as doing so could lead to suspicion
what is the goal of the SUE technique
elicit cues of deception by strategically disclosing evidence
-disclose in strategic, gradual manner, wherein liars will be more likely to make statement-evidence inconsistencies
what is a statement-evidence inconsistency
discrepancy between suspects’ accounts and evidence presented by interviewer
what is a within-statement inconsistency
suspect’s account changes to fit the evidence presented by the interviewer, making it inconsistent with their earlier statement
the most effective technique for lie detection was __ followed by __
imposing load (e.g., maintaining eyecontact)
asking unexpected questions
Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) have implemented machine learning of __ and __ to detect deceit
natural language processing
automation
using LIWC and other technological profiling, what characteristics did liars demonstrate
experienced greater cognitive load (fewer words, less diverse in word choice, less complex stories)
experienced more anger
distanced self from event (use more second/third person pronouns)
referred less often to cognitive processes
