Eyes and vision

Question 1

Which wall of the orbit is most commonly fractured?

Answer 1

Medial

Question 2

Where is aqueous humour?

Answer 2

In the anterior chamber of the eye

Question 3

Which muscle controls accommodation?

Answer 3

The ciliary muscle

Question 4

Which structure forms aqueous humour?

Answer 4

Epithelium of ciliary body

Question 5

Where does aqueous humour drain?

Answer 5

Anterior chamber angle

Question 6

What attaches ciliary processes to the lens of the eye?

Answer 6

Zonules

Question 7

Which muscle controls the shape of the lens of the eye?

Answer 7

Ciliary muscle

Question 8

Which layer of the sclera contains lots of blood vessels?

Answer 8

Choroidal layer

Question 9

What is characteristic of the blood vessels at the fovea?

Answer 9

There are none!

Question 10

Where are cones most highly concentrated in the eye?

Answer 10

The fovea

Question 11

What do we call the bit of the eye where the optic nerve leaves?

Answer 11

The optic disc

Question 12

What artery is visible when you look through an ophthalmoscope?

Answer 12

Central retinal artery

Question 13

Which muscle closes the eyelids?

Answer 13

Orbicularis oculi

Question 14

Which nerve controls orbicularis oculi?

Answer 14

Facial nerve

Question 15

What percentage of photoreceptors are rods?

Answer 15

95%

Question 16

What percentage of photoreceptors are cones?

Answer 16

5%

Question 17

Which cells provide their axons to the optic nerve?

Answer 17

Retinal ganglion cells

Question 18

What is the three-cell pathway from light transduction to optic nerve?

Answer 18

Photoreceptor => bipolar cell => retinal ganglion cell

Question 19

The 2 functional visual pathways begin in the retina with which types of cells?

Answer 19

M cells and P cells

Question 20

What are M cells of the retina specialised for detecting?

Answer 20

Motion

Question 21

What are P cells of the retina specialised for detecting?

Answer 21

Colour and visual acuity

Question 22

Homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing suggests infarction of which artery?

Answer 22

PCA

Question 23

Homonymous quadrantanopia suggests infarction of which artery?

Answer 23

MCA

Question 24

Which artery supplies the optic tract?

Answer 24

Anterior choroidal artery

Question 25

Which retinal cells give input to the suprachiasmatic nucleus and superior colliculus?

Answer 25

Intrinsically photosensitive ganglion cells

Question 26

Which two nuclei are involved in the pupillary light reflex?

Answer 26

Pretectal nucleus and Edinger-Westphal nucleus

Question 27

How do you best isolate the action of superior oblique?

Answer 27

Depress the eye whilst adducted

Question 28

How do you best isolate the action of inferior oblique?

Answer 28

Elevate the eye whilst adducted

Question 29

What is origin of the superior rectus muscle?

Answer 29

Common tendinous ring

Question 30

What is the origin of the inferior oblique?

Answer 30

Attachment to maxilla

Question 31

What is the only muscle that can elevate the eye when it is abducted?

Answer 31

Superior rectus

Question 32

Where is the horizontal gaze centre?

Answer 32

Pontine paramedian reticular formation

Question 33

Where is the vertical gaze centre?

Answer 33

Mesencephalic paramedian reticular formation

Question 34

Which layer of V1 do the optic radiations terminate in?

Answer 34

4C

Question 35

Which cortical area is especially specialised for colour processing?

Answer 35

V4

Question 36

A monocular visual field defect suggests what?

Answer 36

Lesion is before level of optic chiasm