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Introduction to Eye Disease - Year 2 > Eyelid Disorders > Flashcards

Eyelid Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is a disorder of the eyelashes called?

A

Trichiasis

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2
Q

What are examples of anomalies in lid positions?

A

Ptosis

Entropion/ectropian

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3
Q

What is Ptosis?

A

Ptosis (pronounced toe-sis) , also known as blepharoptosis, is a drooping or falling of the upper eyelid.

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4
Q

What is Entropion?

A

Entropion is a medical condition in which the eyelid (usually the lower lid) folds inward.

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5
Q

Why is entropion an uncomfortable condition?

A

It is very uncomfortable, as the eyelashes continuously rub against the cornea causing irritation.

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6
Q

What is Ectropion?

A

It is a condition in which your eyelid turns outward. This leaves the inner eyelid surface exposed and prone to irritation.

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7
Q

What are some examples of benign lid lesions?

A

Hordeolum (internal and external)

Chalazion

Cysts of Moll and Zeis

Molluscum contagiosum

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8
Q

What is hordeolum?

A

(Basically a stye) A hordeolum (stye) is an acute, localized swelling of the eyelid that may be external or internal and usually is a pyogenic (typically staphylococcal) infection or abscess.

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9
Q

Define pyogenic

A

involving or relating to the production of pus.

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10
Q

What is a Chalazion and what can it occur as a result of?

A

A chalazion is a small, slow-growing lump or cyst that develops within the eyelid. (Not usually painful and usually go away).

A chalazion can develop when a meibomian gland at the edge of an eyelid becomes blocked or inflamed.

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11
Q

What are cysts of Moll and Zeis?

A

A benign swelling of either the gland of Moll or Zeis.

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12
Q

What is Molluscum contagiosum?

A

Molluscum contagiosum is an infection that causes small dimpled spots to appear on the skin.

Molluscum is a type of wart - around the eyelid it affects the conjunctiva

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13
Q

Name examples of malignant eye lesions.

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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14
Q

How common is basal cell carcinoma and what does it look like?

If left untreated what can occur?

A

The vast majority of skin cancers around the eyes are basal cell carcinomas.

It can spread to the eye.

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15
Q

What is blepharitis and why does it occur?

A

Blepharitis is inflammation of the eyelids. Blepharitis usually affects both eyes along the edges of the eyelids. Blepharitis commonly occurs when tiny oil glands (meibomian glands) near the base of the eyelashes become clogged, causing irritation and redness.

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16
Q

What is an internal hordeolum?

A

Infection of the meibomian glands

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17
Q

What is an external hordeolum?

A

Infection of glands associated with eyelashes - so the glands of Zeis and Moll

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18
Q

What is the difference between hordeola and hordeolum?

A

Hordeola is singular

Hordeolum is plural

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19
Q

When internal Hordeolum fail to resolve what happens?

A

They turn into a chalazion. (pronounced Ka-lay-zee-on)

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20
Q

What is Trichiasis?

A

A common condition in which eyelashes grow towards the globe rather than outwards.

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21
Q

Who is Trichiasis most common in?

A

Most common in the elderly.

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22
Q

What are the symptoms of Trichiasis?

A

A foreign body sensation ( as eyelashes are extremely sensitive) as a result you have epiphora associated with red-eye.

23
Q

What do treatments for Trichiasis include?

A

lubricants/bandage contact lens, epilation (basically hair removal these regrow in 4-6 weeks) or electrolysis/cryotherapy (destroying eyelash follicle to destroy regrowth).

24
Q

What are the causes of ptosis?

A

Can be congenital, however, this is rare.

Mostly acquired ( age, trauma, neurological (ocular motor nerve pathology -remember this innervates the levator palpebrae superioris), myogenic (originating from muscle tissue))

25
Q

What is the link between Ptosis and contact lenses?

A

Rigid lenses (RGP) tend to cause a slight Ptosis over time.

However, this is usually bilateral (affects both eyes) so less noticeable.

26
Q

What is the treatment of Ptosis?

A

levator advancement or resection, frontalis sling (brow suspension).

Basically surgery - typically on levator to lift the lid.

27
Q

What is the Aetiology of Entropian?

A

Congential

Age- this is called Involutional Entropian

Cicatricial (scarring)

(Aetiology means causes).

28
Q

What are the symptoms of Entropian?

A

Foreign body Sensation as eyelashes are sensitive.

Epiphora

29
Q

What are signs of entropian?

A

Conjunctival Hyperaema

Corneal damage ( as hairs scrape cornea repetitively)

30
Q

What would be the treatment for Entropian?

A

Could epilate eyelashes but ultimately you are looking at surgery to bring the eyelid back to its natural resting position.

31
Q

What is the Aetiology of Ectropion?

A

In decreasing frequency:

Age - this is regarded as involutional Ectropian

Paralytic (VII palsy)

Cicatricial (scars)

Congenital

32
Q

What are the symptoms of ectropion?

A

Irritation as more exposure to the ocular surface as tear film isn’t fully wetting.

Extensive desiccation of the lower part of the cornea would be present.

Epiphora - as the eyelid is pulled away so is the puncter - this affects the drainage system causing watery eyes.

33
Q

What is the treatment for Ectropion?

A

Surgery

34
Q

What condition makes someone more susceptible to Hordeolum?

A

Blepharitis

35
Q

What is Hyperamia?

A

an excess of blood in the vessels supplying an organ or other part of the body.

36
Q

What are the treatments for Hordeolum?

A

They are self limiting so do tend to get better by themselves but if not :

Can prescribe topical or oral antibiotics.

Apply a Warm Compress

There’s evidence to suggest pulling out the eyelash associated with the stye can help as it provides a drainage route for the infectious material (pus) to come out.

37
Q

What is a chalazion?

A

Blockage of meibomian gland duct with retention of secretion.

Generally a painless bump.

38
Q

What is the treatment of chalazion?

A

Self-limiting - so will improve itself, however, you can apply a warm compress and massage to speed this up.

If not improving surgical treatments can be used - you can inject steroids into the area (steroids have an anti-inflammatory effect) or you can undergo Incision surgery where you flip the eyelid and scoop out contents of the chalazion.

39
Q

How to determine Pre-septal vs Orbital Cellulitis?

A
40
Q

Where are basal cell carcinomas more likely to be present?

A

Can occur anyone on the skin however occur more commonly in exposed areas and thus are linked to UV exposure.

41
Q

Do basal cell carcinomas tend to be metastatic?

A

No although they do mess up the architecture of the lid (when present there) quite badly

42
Q

What is the treatment for basal cell carcinoma?

A

Surgery

43
Q

Is basal cell carcinoma associated with metastasising?

A

Yes although it is rare it can still happen!

44
Q

Do you ever try to diffrentiate between pre-septal and orbital cellulitis yourself?

A

No send them straight to the hospital because orbital cellulitis must be treated immediately so for the sake of being safe always refer as a medical emergency.

45
Q

What condition is blepharitis associated with?

A

Dry eye

46
Q

What is blepharitis also called?

A

Lid Margin Disease

47
Q

What are the symptoms of Blepharitis?

A

Occular discomfort (burning, stinging)

Blurring vision

48
Q

What are the signs of Blepharitis?

A

Lid margin hyperamia

Crusting of lashes

Plugging of duct orifices

Unstable tear film

49
Q

What is the treatment for Blepharitis?

A

Increasing lid hygiene

Warm Compress

Topical/oral antibiotics

50
Q

What are the two variants of blepharitis?

A

Anterior blepharitis - affects the anterior-most part of the lid margin where eyelashes are located.

Posterior Blepharitis- which is basically meibomian gland disease.

Can also have mixed - so patients show evidence of both Anterior and posterior blepharitis.

51
Q

What does Anterior Blepharitis look like?

A
52
Q

What does Posterior Blepharitis look like?

A
53
Q

When treating Blepharitis what must you make sure patients are aware of?

A

It is a chronic disease and not curable (it always comes back). It can only be managed.

Introduction to Eye Disease - Year 2 (40 decks)

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