Eye problems Flashcards
Blepharitis S/T
bilateral red and swollen edge of eyelids . “itchy eyelid” associated with seborrhic dermatitis and rosacea
Scrub with warm water and baby shampoo
Pterygium S/Cause
one-sided triangular shaped white to yellowish superficial growth on the nasal side , can be bilateral as well
Caused by long term UV damage, can surgically remove, use sunglasses
Pinguecula S/Cause
white to yellowish small lesions on BOTH sides of the cornea ( ping pong)
caused by UV damage, wear sunglasses
Chalazion
Small painless nodule on upper or lower eyelid , no tx can use warm compresses
Senile arcus
white-gray ring on edge of cornea
common in elderly as it is due to lipid deposits
Age < 50 check lipid panel
Xanthelasma
soft yellow flat plaques on the upper and lower lids by the inner cants
they are cholesterol plaques. order fasting lipid panel.
Hordeolum or stye “ hurts”
Acute onset of localized lesion on eyelid. very painful
avoid eye makeup, use warm compresses, can use topical ophthalmic antibiotics
due to staph
bacterial conjunctivitis
acute onset, red eye, dried crusty yellow-green crusting on awakening
topical ophthalmic flouroquinolones
Viral conjunctivitis
acute onset of red eye, itchy, ***periauricular lymphadenopathy **, keep out of school for a week
Allergic Conjunctivitis
bilateral itchy eyes, increased tearing with reddened / injected conjunctiva , may be seasonal
cool eyelid compress
Decongestant - Visine ( short term only)
What does snellen 20/60 signify?
The patient can see at 20 ft what a normal person can see at 60 ft
** pt is always 20 **
What is seen on eye exam with people with diabetic retinopathy ?
What are symptoms ?
Cotton wool spots
neovascularization
microaneurysms
blurred vision, floaters, scotoma ( blind spot)
What is seen on eye exam with people with hypertensive retinopathy ?
copper wire arterioles
silver wire arterioles
av nicking, flamed shaped hemmorhages
what is Herpes Keratitis? Classic presentation ? PE findings
caused by herpes virus of the trigeminal nerve affecting ophthalmic branch
complaining of acute onset blurred vision, tearing, and eye pain in one eye. Will see shingles on tip of nose
PE: fluorescein shows = fern like lesion, on the cornea on affected eye
TX: see optho stat
what is an Cornea Abrasion? PE findings, TX?
acute onset of severe pain, foreign body sensation, tearing
“current closing” - type of vision loss
TX: topical antibiotic with erythromycin, no patching
PE: will see flouescein stain strips ( lower lid) ( should light up green)
what type of bacteria are people who use contact lens most likely to get
and what antibiotic would you tx with?
higher risk for pseudomonas, if infected use topical antibiotics with fluoroquinolone
What is Open Angle Glaucoma? PE findings? TX
increased ICP (>35), rarely symptomatic, causes ischemic damage to optic nerve
PE: disc cupping, and increased ICP
decreased peripheral vision
TX: beta-blocker eye drops
What is Primary Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma? PE findings? TX?
increased ICP, which caused ischemic damage to the retina.
Complains of severe, ocular/eye pain with decreased vision, n/v. halos around lights
PE: conjunctival erythema, fixed mid-dilated pupil, hazy cornea
TX: send to Ed
What is Age-Related Macular Degeneration? PE findings? TX
painless loss of central vision, most common cause of vision loss.
Two types :
- dry AMD - tx w/ eye vitamins
- wet AMD - tx w/ injections of VEGF
Diet : increase w/ of lutien and zeaxanthin (cooked kale, cooked spinach)
What is the red reflex test screening for?
cataracts,
normal: symmetrical round reddish-orange glow
abnormal : no glow, dull, white reflection are abnormal
Classical presentation of cataracts ?
complains of blurred vision, increased sensitivity to glare, Poor night vision, sees halos around light
