Eye, Ear, Olfactory System Exotic Species Flashcards
What is it called when the eye bulges out the socket, and which species is this found in
Exophthalmic
Birds
How is the reduced eye movement in birds (due to expothalmic eyes) made up for
Occipitatlantal joint in the neck allows for a large range of motion
Which muscle in the eye tends to be lacking in birds
Retractor bulbi
What is the 3rd eyelid called
Nacitating membrane
How does bird retina differ to the mammalian
Has no vessels, so vision is not as imparted
How is the bird retina supplied with nutrients
Pecten (black due to melanocytes)
What is the function of sclera ossicles in birds, reptile, some fish
Unknown: suspected to provide stability in shape
How do birds have better night vision
- Pupils widen (don’t have tapetum lucidum)
- higher rod density
Do birds have a strong olfactory system
No, they have small olfactory bulbs that aren’t well developed
And no vomeronasal organ
Describe avian outer ear
No pinna
Some (cocks) have ear lobes
What external structure do owls have that aid in sound location
Operculum
Name the ossicle in bird ears and which ossicle it is analogous to
Columella
(Stapes)
What are snake eye caps
Fused eyelids (are transparent)
How do snakes receive smell particles
From their tongue, then push the particles to the vomeronasal organ
Which reptiles have an earlobe
Crocodiles
What ossicle do reptiles have
Stapes
How does sound enter the snake ear
Vibrations go the the jaw, then travels up the quadrate bone which communicates with the oval window
How do fish adjust focus
Move lens closer or further from retina
How does the lens move in fish
By the Falciform process
How do fish nostrils connect to the Brain
Nostrils to nasal sac
Nerve ending pass signals to olfactory bulb
Where are fish sensory cells found
Along the lateral line
What are elasmobranchs cells
Specialised neuromast cells
What are the 2 types of neuromast cells
Superficial (on lateral lines)
Canal neuromast cells
