endocrine glands micro anatomy Flashcards
what part of the brain regulates the endocrine and nervous system
hypothalamus
where does the pituitary gland lie
between hypophysial fossa and sphenoid bone
rostric to optic chiasm
caudal to mamillary bodies
what is the term for the anterior pituitary gland
adenohypophysis
what germ cell develops into the anterior pituitary
ectoderm
what cell types are found in the Pars Distalis
acidophils
basophils
chromophobes
name the hormone type examples found in acidophils and state their functions
polypetide hormones:
samatotrophs - growth
lactotrophs -release prolactin
name the hormone type examples found in basophils and state their functions
glycoprotein hormones:
Thryrotrophs - thyroid stimulating
Gonadotrophs - follicle stimulating + Leuterising hormone
Corticotrophs - Adrenocorticotropic
name the hormone type examples found in Chromophobes and state their functions
post secretory cells
what does Pars Intermedia produce
melanotrophs (melanocyte stimulating hormone)
Where is Pars Tuberalis found
around the adenohypophysis stalk
which region of the anterior pituitary gland has melatonin receptors
pars tuberalis
what is the name of the posterior pituitary lobe
neurohypophysis
what produce oxytocin and ADH
paraventricular + Supraoptic nuclei
describe the structure of neural axons
no neural bodies
have central gliocytes (non neuronal cells)
how does the hypothalamus communicate with the adenohypophyisis
hypophysial portal system
hormones move via blood vessles (arterial blood connects to venous)
how does the hypothalamus communicate with the neurohypophysis
through a neural pathway
(oxytocin and ADH get transported n vesicles)
what is the function of the pineal gland
secrete melatonin for biological rhythms
what cells are found in the pineal gland
pinealocytes
astrocytes
Describe the retinopineal pathway
light in retina turned to an electrochemical signal
travels to Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) then to the PVN.
the signals travel down the brainstem to the spinal cord.
then travel to the superior cervical ganglia
then to the pineal gland
what is the pineal pacemaker
SCN (Hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus)
what is the topography of the thyroid gland
caudal to cricord cartilage
spans 5 cartilage rings
what are thyroid lobes connected by (and in which animal)
isthmus
pig
what do thyroid lobules consist of
thyroid follicles (simple epthelium)
what is the function of thyroid follicles
produce enzymes for hormone synthesis
