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organs of special senses and endocrine systems > endocrine glands micro anatomy > Flashcards

endocrine glands micro anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what part of the brain regulates the endocrine and nervous system

A

hypothalamus

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2
Q

where does the pituitary gland lie

A

between hypophysial fossa and sphenoid bone
rostric to optic chiasm
caudal to mamillary bodies

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3
Q

what is the term for the anterior pituitary gland

A

adenohypophysis

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4
Q

what germ cell develops into the anterior pituitary

A

ectoderm

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5
Q

what cell types are found in the Pars Distalis

A

acidophils
basophils
chromophobes

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6
Q

name the hormone type examples found in acidophils and state their functions

A

polypetide hormones:
samatotrophs - growth
lactotrophs -release prolactin

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7
Q

name the hormone type examples found in basophils and state their functions

A

glycoprotein hormones:
Thryrotrophs - thyroid stimulating
Gonadotrophs - follicle stimulating + Leuterising hormone
Corticotrophs - Adrenocorticotropic

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8
Q

name the hormone type examples found in Chromophobes and state their functions

A

post secretory cells

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9
Q

what does Pars Intermedia produce

A

melanotrophs (melanocyte stimulating hormone)

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10
Q

Where is Pars Tuberalis found

A

around the adenohypophysis stalk

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11
Q

which region of the anterior pituitary gland has melatonin receptors

A

pars tuberalis

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12
Q

what is the name of the posterior pituitary lobe

A

neurohypophysis

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13
Q

what produce oxytocin and ADH

A

paraventricular + Supraoptic nuclei

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14
Q

describe the structure of neural axons

A

no neural bodies
have central gliocytes (non neuronal cells)

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15
Q

how does the hypothalamus communicate with the adenohypophyisis

A

hypophysial portal system
hormones move via blood vessles (arterial blood connects to venous)

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16
Q

how does the hypothalamus communicate with the neurohypophysis

A

through a neural pathway
(oxytocin and ADH get transported n vesicles)

17
Q

what is the function of the pineal gland

A

secrete melatonin for biological rhythms

18
Q

what cells are found in the pineal gland

A

pinealocytes
astrocytes

19
Q

Describe the retinopineal pathway

A

light in retina turned to an electrochemical signal
travels to Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) then to the PVN.
the signals travel down the brainstem to the spinal cord.
then travel to the superior cervical ganglia
then to the pineal gland

20
Q

what is the pineal pacemaker

A

SCN (Hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus)

21
Q

what is the topography of the thyroid gland

A

caudal to cricord cartilage
spans 5 cartilage rings

22
Q

what are thyroid lobes connected by (and in which animal)

A

isthmus
pig

23
Q

what do thyroid lobules consist of

A

thyroid follicles (simple epthelium)

24
Q

what is the function of thyroid follicles

A

produce enzymes for hormone synthesis

25
Q

name the extracellular storage site found in the thyroid gland

A

colloid

26
Q

what cells are found in the thyroid gland and what are their functions

A

parafollicular cells
produce calcitonin that controls blood calcium and phosphate concentrations

27
Q

what cells are found in the parathyroid glands

A

oxyphil cells
chief cells

28
Q

how is the thyroid gland vascularised

A

cranial and caudal thyroid artery - branch of the carotid

29
Q

how is the thyroid gland innervated

A

cranial and cervical ganglia (parasympathetic)
laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (sympathetic)

30
Q

name the zones of the adrenal cortex

A

outer: zona glomerulosa
middle: zona fasciculata
inner: zona reticularis

31
Q

name the zones of the adrenal cortex and state their functions

A

outer: zona glomerulosa - secrete mineracorticoids (salts)
middle: zona fasciculata - secrete glucocorticoids (sugar)
inner: zona reticularis - secrete sex steroids and androgens (sex)

32
Q

what does the adrenal medulla secrete

A

catecholamines

33
Q

what is biological name for adrenaline

A

epinephrine

organs of special senses and endocrine systems (16 decks)

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