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TERM 3- Premidterm > Extra Misc. Questions > Flashcards

Extra Misc. Questions Flashcards

1
Q

_____ on the TCR binds to Ag

A

α subunit

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2
Q

list the Igs with a J-chain

A

IgM (pentamer), IgA (dimer)

-J-chain deficiency => no production of these Igs

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3
Q

AID is responsible for….

A

-class switching
-somatic hypermutation
(note- occurs in secondary lymphoid organs)

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4
Q

RAG1/RAG2 are responsible for….

A

somatic recombination

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5
Q

what does Invariant Chain-Associated Pathway refer to

A
  • MHC-II / endogenous / endocytic pathway

- invariant chain + CLIP protects MHC-II receptor

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6
Q

_____ removes CLIP from MHC-II and replaces it with Ag

A

HLA-DM

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7
Q

why does Gram+ stain more purple than Gram-

A

crystal violet stains peptidoglycan: Gram+ has more cross-linking, Gram- has weaker cross-linking and therefore stains less

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8
Q

what part of the endospore is responsible for it chemical and heat resistance

A

Ca Dipicolinate

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9
Q

Gram (+/-) are more susceptible to antiseptics (explain why)

A

Gram+ b/c the lack of outer membrane allows more movement of macromolecules into the cell (Gram- take up less antiseptic molecules)

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10
Q

_____ has the largest number of different microorganisms in the body

A

large intestine

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11
Q

Dengue virus has the following nucleic acid composition….

A

dsRNA (positive sense- acts as mRNA)

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12
Q

positive sense vs negative sense RNA

A

Pos: RNA strand acts as mRNA

Neg: RNA strand acts as template

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13
Q

SARS resevoirs

A

cats and bats

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14
Q

differentiate the coverage between Medicare and Medicaid

A

Medicare: elderly, disabled

Medicaid: poor, children

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15
Q

list the breakdown of insurance coverage in the US by type (percentage)

A
  • employer 47%
  • government 33%
  • uninsured 13%
  • self-pay 7%
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16
Q

what is RADAR (in suspected drug use)

A 
R- routinely screen
A- ask questions
D- document findings
A- assess safety
R- review and refer
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17
Q

list schedule of the following vaccines: Hep B, MMR, Polio, TDaP (for neonates)

A
  • Hep B: born, 1 m/o, 6 m/o
  • MMR: 1 y/o
  • TDaP: 2, 4, 6 m/o
  • Polio: 2, 4, 6 m/o
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18
Q

Give the most effective/useful definition of what a p-value means

A

how likely it is we would observe an effect as large or larger GIVEN THE NULL IS TRUE

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19
Q

IL-3 function

A

stimulate bone marrow – inc myeloid progenitor cells

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20
Q

IL-7 function

A

stimulates lymphoid progenitors via HSC

21
Q

IL-5 function

A

stimulates generation and activation of eosinophils

22
Q

____ stimulates generation and activation of eosinophils

A

IL-5

23
Q

IFN-γ is mainly secreted by….

A
  • Th1 (CD4+) cells

- somewhat NK cells (via IL-12)

24
Q

IFN-γ secretion from (1) cells is induced by (2) from macrophages and dendritic cells

A

1- NK cells

2- IL-12

25
Q

____ activates NADPH oxidase

A

IFN-γ

26
Q

____ enhances expression of MHC-I/II

A

IFN-γ

27
Q

MAC deficiency leads to _____ infections

A

Nesseria Meningitidis

28
Q

NK cells activate macrophages via (1)

macrophages activate NK cells via (2)

A

1- IFN-γ

2- IL-12

29
Q

____ is a complement byproduct that is the most prominent chemotactic factor and anaphylatoxin at the same time

A

C5a

30
Q

absent ___ from complement results in autoimmune disease

A

C3b

31
Q

(T/F) only the adaptive immune system is involved in autoimmune diseases

A

T

32
Q

in a viral infection, ____ is secreted to neighboring cells

A

INF-α, INF-β

33
Q

_____ induces chemokine release

A

IL-1, TNF-α (=> IL-8 + other chemokines)

34
Q

____ is generated in a phagolysosome after fusion

A

hypocholorite

35
Q

____ cells secrete CKs to stimulate isoswitching and production of specific IgG

A

CD4+ Th cells

36
Q

IL-10 production and function

A
  • produced by macrophages (mainly) and Tr/Th2 (somewhat)

- inhibits inflammatory CKs: TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6

37
Q

_____ binds Basophils to trigger Histamine release when triggered by Ag/allergic rxn

A

IgE

38
Q

class switching occurs in (1) via (2) enzyme; it is stimulated by (3) to switch to IgE

A

1- secondary lymphoid organs
2- AID
3- IL-4 (+ IL-5)

39
Q

____ is responsible for the release of serum immune proteins

A

TNF-α

40
Q

List study types that use Odds Ratios and those that use relative

A

Odds Ratio: case control, cross-sectional

Relative Risks: cohort, RCTs

41
Q

granulomas visible on X-Rays are due to….

A

INF-γ

42
Q

what is a key sign of LAD in a neonate

A

persistent umbilical stump (Absent β-2 integrin subunit)

43
Q

CD18 is found on (1)

CD14 is found on (2)

A

1- neutrophils

2- monocytes (dendritic cells)

44
Q

PAMP recognition by monocytes is completed by…

A

CD14

45
Q

Catalase+ test indicates the presence of the following….

A

catalase, SOD enzymes

46
Q

CD25 indicates…

A

active T-cell

47
Q

____ from complement binds to mast cell for Histamine release

A

C3a

48
Q

Pygamalion effect

A

researcher expects treatment group to do better and has more positive view or documents more positive outcomes

TERM 3- Premidterm (20 decks)

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