extra extraa Flashcards
who wrote about viral immune response
braciale 2014
braciale 2014
NK cells are important against HepC infections
PRR engagement is important in viral infection to trigger autophagy and Type 1 interferon production
Treg cells are important to prevent damage caused by over activation of immune system
who wrote about fungal immune response
blanco 2008
blanco 2008
cell-mediated immunity is the most important against fungi
macrophages are important against cryptococcus infections
neutrophils are important against aspergillus fumigatus and candida albicans
activated Th1 cells produce cytokines to enhance CD8+ T cell reponse
who wrote about immune evasion of dengue virus
Pagni & Fernandez-Sesma 2012
Pagni & Fernandez-Sesma
DenV induces membrane alterations that sequester DenV from RIG-1 and MDa-5 receptors
–> this decreases type 1 interferon production and JAK/STAT signalling
who wrote about tuberculosis vaccine
andersen 2014
andersen 2014
BCG is the only current TB vaccine, been around for 80 years
its a live attenuated vaccine that induces CD4+ T cell Th1 response –> induces IFN-gamma production
BCG has limited immune memory, and is only effective at decreasing infant mortality, not effective at protecting against severe pulmonary TB in adults
currently more than 12 new vaccines under clinical trials
who wrote about salmonella enterica immune evasion
Behnsen 2015
Behnsen 2015
salmonella enterica infection causes 90 million cases of gastroenteritis per year
immune evasion mechanism:
- exploits macrophages to propagate within the host by manipulating TLR2 and TLR4 signalling and host cell death
- upon acidification of phagosome, forms the modified SCV
- T3SS used to secrete flagellin into host cell
- decreases production of pro-inflammatory cytokines
- causes necrosis of macrophage and uses this to help replicate and disseminate
who wrote about yersinia pestis bacteria (plague)
verma 2016
verma 2016
plague has caused over 200 million deaths globally
there is no available and safe plague vaccine
in 1890s they used whole-cell formaldehyde killed bacteria –> had adverse side effects and was reactogenic, no long-term immunity and didnt protect against pneumonic plague
the introduction of live whole cell bacteria protected against both plagues but causes fatalities
new recombinant sub-unit vaccines decrease the side effects
F1/LcrV antigen vaccine has been successful in mice but not monkeys
–> induces humoral response and blocks T3SS
who wrote about live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV)
Mohn 2018
Mohn 2018
LAIV
mimics natural pathogen better than inactivated
administered via nasal spray –> virus replicates in upper airways
who wrote about anti-body guided chemotherapy
Mehmood 2014
