Extra Bits Of Info Flashcards
What does the Latin abbreviation a.c stand for
Before food
What does the Latin abbreviation bd stand for
Twice daily
What does the Latin abbreviation od stand for
Once daily
What does the Latin abbreviation om stand for
Every morning
What does the Latin abbreviation on stand for
Every night
What does the latin abbreviation pc stand for
After food
What does the Latin abbreviation PRN stand for
When required
What does the Latin abbreviation qds stand for
Four times a day
What does the Latin abbreviation qqs stand for
Every 4 hours
What does the Latin abbreviation stat stand for
Immediately
What does the Latin abbreviation tds stand for
Three times a day
What does the Latin abbreviation tid stand for
Three times daily
Immunisation due at 8 weeks and how they are given
6 in 1- injection
Meningococcal B (menb) injection
Rotavirus- oral application
Immunisation due at 12 weeks
6 in 1
Rotavirus
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
Immunisation due at 16 weeks
6 in 1- injection Meningococcal B (menb) injection
Immunisation due at one years old
HiB/menC
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
Meningococcal B (menb)
Measle, mumps and rubella (mmr)
What immunisation is given to primary school kids from reception to year 6
Live attenuated influenza vaccine
Nasal spray in each nostril
Immunisation given at 3 years and 4 months
6 in 1
MMR
Immunisation given at 12-13
HPV
Two injections atleast 6 months aprt
Immunisation given at 14 years old
6 in 1
Vaccine given at 65
Inactivated influenza vaccine (annually thereafter)
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV)
Immunisation given at 70 years old
Shingles vaccine
What does the 6 in 1 consist of
Diphtheria Tetanus Pertussis (whooping cough) Polio HiB HepB
What vaccines used are live
BCG Rotavirus Live attenuated influenza vaccine Oral typhoid vaccine Yellow fever Varicella Zoster MMR
How long should you generally wait between live vaccines
4 weeks
What hydrocortisone strengths are classed as mild
< 25%
What potency is clobetasone (eumovate)
Moderate
What potency is momentasone
Potent
What potency is hydrocortisone butyrate
Potent
What potency is betamethasone 0.025% (benovate-RD)
Moderate
What potency is betamethasone 0.1% (betnovate)
Potent
What potency is clobetasol (dermovate)
Very potent
How is rapid acting insulin taken
Immediately before or after food
How is intermediate acting insulin taken
Twice daily in conjugations with soluble insulin
How is long acting insulin taken
Once daily at the same time each day to cover 24 hour period
How is short acting soluble insulin taken
15-30 minutes before food and meal must be consumed within half an hour
Examples of short acting soluble insulin
Human soluble
Beef/ pork
What analogue is lispro (humalog)
Rapid acting
What analogue is isophane
Intermediate
What analogue is aspart (novorapid)
Rapid
What analogue is glargine (lantus)
Long acting
What analogue is degludec (tresiba)
Long acting
What analogue is protamine zinc
Long acting
What analogue is glulisine (apridra)
Rapid
What type of insulin is used in a medical emergencies and surgery
Short acting soluble
Alternative: rapid acting
Which diabetic analogues should not be given IV due to risk of thrombosis
Isophane
Protamine zinc
When COC is started from what day of the cycle should protection be used and for how long
Day 6 or later
For 7 days
When POP is started after what day of the cycle should protection be used and for how long
5
For 2 day
What do you do if you’ve missed or delayed contraceptive patch application at the beginning of the cycle or more than 48 hours mid cycle
Apply new patch ASAP and start a new day 1 cycle
Condom for 7 days
Which antimarial prophylaxis are a P supply
Proguanil
Chloroquine
Chloroquine with proguanil
Which antimalarial prophylaxis is a Pom
Malarone
Doxycycline
Mefloquine
Which antimalarial prophylaxis can be taken 1-2 days before travel
Malarone
Doxycycline
Which antimalarial prophylaxis is taken 1 week before travel
Proguanil
Chloroquine
Chloroquine and proguanil
Which antimalarial prophylaxis is taken 2-3 week before travel
Mefloquine
All antimalarial prophylaxis are taken for 4 weeks after returning except which one
Malarone - 1 week
Important side effect of doxycycline
Photosensitivity
Oesophageal irritation
Important side effect of mefloquine
Neuropsychiatric reactions
Which malarial prophylaxis can you give in renal impairment
Doxycycline
Mefloquine
Which malarial prophylaxis can you give in epilepsy
Malarone
Doxycycline
Proguanil
Which antimalarial prophylaxis are taken weekly
Mefloquine
Chloroquine
Which malarial prophylaxis is given in pregnancy
Chloroquine and proguanil
What are the stages in behaviour change
Pre-contemplation stage Contemplations stage Preparation stage Action stage Maintenance stage Relapse
What does the pre contemplation stage consist of
No intention of changing behaviour
What does the contemplation stage consist of
Aware of the problem and it’s existence but with no commitment to action
What does the preparation stage consist of
Intent on taking action to address the problem
What does the action stage consist of
Active modification of behaviour
What does the maintenance stage consist of
Sustained change. New behaviour replaces old
What does the relapse stage consist of
Falling back to old patterns of behaviour
What are the stages to the evidence based pyramid
Bottom to top
Information and expert opinion
Case control studies or case series/ report studies
Cohort studies
The randomised control trial
Critically appraised individual articles
Critically appraised topics
The systemic review / meta analysis
What drugs cause hypernatraemia
Oral contraceptives Corticosteroid Sodium bicarbonate Lithium Sodium content in IV fluids
Which drugs cause hyponatraemia
Antidepressants
Looo and thiazide diuretics
Carbamazepine
Desmopressin
How do you treat hyperphosphataemia
Calcium containing preparations
Phosphate binding agents
Drugs that cause hyperkalaemia
Heparins ACEi/arbs Digoxin BB Epleronone Amiloride NSAIDs Spironolactone
Drugs that cause hypokalaemia
Diuretics Insulin B2agonist Theophylline Corticosteroids
Which vitamin is teratogenic
Vitamin A- retinol
Liver oil and those things
Lack of which vitamin cause scurvy
Vitamin C
Ascorbic acid
Lack of which vitamin causes rickets
Vitamin d - calciferol
What does vitamin C aid the absorption of
Iron
Which vitamin prevents peripheral neuropathy
Vitamin b6
Which vitamin deficiency is common in vegans
Vitamin b12
Symptoms of hypernatraemia
Convulsion Hypovolaemia Thirst Dehydration Oliguria Postural hypotension Tachycardia
Symptoms of hyponatraemia
Drowsiness Confusion Convulsions Nausea Vomiting Headaches Cramps
Symptoms of hyperkalaemia
Ventricular fibrillation
Cardiac arrest
Symptoms of hypokalaemia
Muscle hypotonia
Arrhythmias
What increased theophylline concentration
Heart failure Hepatic failure Viral infections Elderly Enzyme inhibitors
What decreases theophylline concentration
Smokers
Alcohol
Enzyme inducer
Signs of theophylline toxicity
Fast and sick
Tachycardia Arrhythmias Convulsion Hypokalaemia Vomiting GI effects
Signs of liver toxicity
Jaundice Abdominal pain Nausea and vomiting Malaise Weight loss Pruritis Dark urine Pale or clay coloured stools Drowsiness or confusion
Hepatotoxic drugs
Antipsychotics Amiodarone Carbamazepine Go amoxiclav Fluconazole Flucoxacillin Isoniazid Ketoconazole Labetalol Methotrexate Paracetamol Pioglitazone Rifampicin Statin Tetracycline Valproate
Signs of acute kidney injury
Reduced urine output Fluid retention Dehydration Nausea and vomiting Fatigue High bp Confusion Slight backache
Examples of nephrotoxic drugs
ACEi Aminoglycosides Aminosalicylates Cephalosporin Lithium Methotrexate NSAIDs Quinolones Tetracycline Vancomycin Diuretics Metformin
Side effect figures
Very common >1 in 10 Common >1 in 100 Uncommon >1 in 1000 Rare > 1 in 10000 Very rare <1 in 10000
Drugs that colour bodily secretion red
Dante on
Doxorubicin
Levodopa
Drugs that colour bodily secretion red/ orange
Rifampicin
Drugs that colour bodily secretion orange
Sulfalazine
Drugs that colour bodily secretion yellow brown
Senna
Nitrofurantoin
Drugs that colour bodily secretion pink or orange
Pheninidione
Drugs that colour bodily secretion blue
Triamterene
Drugs that colour bodily secretion black tarry
Iron
Bismuth
Drugs that colour bodily secretion brown
Prostaglandin analogues
What’s the antidote for benzo toxicity
Flumazenil
What’s the antidote for digoxin toxicity
Digoxin specific antibody
Antidote for heparin toxicity
Protamine
Antidote for opioid toxicity
Naloxone
Antidote for paracetamol toxicity
Acetylcysteine
Antidote for bb overdose
Atropine
Onset of action for the 4 laxative classes
Bulk- 48-72hours
Osmotic 30-60 min
Stimulant 6-12 hour
Softer 24-72 hours
Reversal fo dabigatran
Idarcizumab
