Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pre-reg > Chapter 7- GU System > Flashcards

Chapter 7- GU System Flashcards

1
Q

What treatment is available for urinary incontinence

A

Pelvic floor exercise is used

Drug treatments includes:
Duloxetine for stress associated incontinence

Antimuscarinic (Oxybutinin, solifenacin) and selective B3 receptor stimulation (mirabegron)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Side effects of Antimuscarinic used in urinary incontinence

A

Constipation
Dry mouth
Sweating
Dilation of pupils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What’s used for bedtime wetting (enuresis) in children

A

Observe fluid intake
Set alarms
Desmopressin if alarm not effective
Imipramine (in children)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is acute urinary retention managed

A 
Catheterisation used to relieve symptoms 
Alpha blocker (doxazosin, tamsulosin) given for atleast 2 days to manage the acute urinary retention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Treatment for chronic urinary retention

A

Alpha blocker (doxazosin, tamsulosin)

5- alpha reductase inhibitor (finesteride, dutasteride) especially if enlarged prostate

(Or both)

Then surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What’s the most common cause of urinary retention in men?

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Side effects of alpha blockers

A 
Depression 
Dry mouth 
GI disturbances 
Dizziness (may cause hypotension on first dose so take sitting) 
Impair motor skilled tasks (driving)
Floppy iris syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why should cataracts be cautioned in orients having cataract surgery

A

It can give floppy iris syndrome risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What must you counsel for 5-alpha reductase inhibitors

A

Women of child bearing age should avoid handling crushed or broken tablets/ leaking caps

Excreted in semen so use of condom is recommended

Chance of male developing breast cancer so changes in breast tissue should be reported immediately

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What’s the most effective form of contraception

A

Hormonal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When can hormonal contraceptives be used

A

Women who have started their menstrual cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What’s does the combined hormonal contraceptives contain

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Advantages of the CHC

A

Reliable and reversible
Reduced dysmenorrhea (pain) and menorrhagia (heavy bleeding)
Less ovarian cysts
Less benign breast disease
Less risk of ovarian and endometrial cancer
Reduced risk of pelvic inflammatory disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What’s monophasic and phasic COC pill

A

Monophasic= contains the same amount of eostrogen and progesterone

Phasic= contains varying amount

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How long before major elective surgery, leg surgery or surgery that results in immobilisation should oestrogen containing contraception be stopped

A

4 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When should CHC be stopped immediately

A 
Sudden sever chest pain 
Sudden breathlessness 
Unexplained swelling or pain in calf 
Severe stomach pain 
BP above 160/95mmHg
Serious neurological effects 
Hapatitis/ jaundice
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What should be given if oestrogen containing contraceptives are not indicated

A

Progesterone only contraceptives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When can emergency contraception be offered to a person

A

After unprotected sex taken place:

On any day of their cycle

21 days after childbirths

5 days after abortion, miscarriage

Regular contraception been compromised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the emergency hormonal contraception and how long they effective for

A

Copper IUD first line- 5 days

Levonorgestrel- 3 days LEVONELLE

Ulipristal- 5 days (if obese) ELLAONE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How long should women wait after taking ulipristal before starting regular hormonal contraception

A

5 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When is the risk of VTE greater when patients on hormonal contraception

A 
Family history of VTE under 45
Obese 
Immobilised
Age over 35, avoid if over 50
Smoker 
History of superficial thrombophlebitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is considered a missed pill with hormonal contraception combined pill

A

More that 24 hours late

Worse at the beginning or end of the cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What’s another method of emergency contraception

A

Intra uterine device

Can be inserted upto 5 days after unprotected sex and acts as contraception after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What’s the risk of intra- uterine device

A

Risk of infection in the first 20 days after insertion and a carriage of STI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Can you breastfeed after taking emergency hormonal pill

A

Levonorgestrel = yes

Ulipristal = wait 1 week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the 3 types of progesterone only pill and when is it considered a missed pill

A

Levonorgestrel -3hrs late
Desogestrel- 12hrs late
Norethisterone -3 hours late

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What’s a missed contraceptive pill counselling

A

Take one as soon as you remember, may mean taking 2 in 24hours

Use barrier method for the next 24hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the different types of hormonal contraception, what do they contain and how long do they last

A

COC pill (oestrogen and progesterone) take one daily with 7 day free period

Contraceptive patch (oestrogen and progesterone) last one week

Contraceptive injection (progesterone) last 2-3 months

Contraceptive implant (progesterone) lasts upto 3 years

Intra-uterine device (progesterone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What medicines do EHC interact with

A

Enzyme inducing drugs:

Rifampicin, anti-epileptic, St. John’s wort, ritonavir, griseofulvin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What can you do to the levonorgestrel 1.5mg EHC if the patient is on an enzyme inducing drug or is obese

A

Give double (3mg) unlicensed

Or a non hormonal emergency contraceptive (copper IUD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

When is progesterone only pill more suitable than the combined one

A 
Patients with VTE
Older women 
Heavy smokers 
Hypertension 
Diabetes 
Heart disease 
Migraines from COC
32
Q

What can be a cause of erectile dysfunction

A 
Psychogenic 
Vascular 
Neurogenic 
Endocrine abnormalities 
And drugs (antihypertensives, antidepressants, antipsychotics)
33
Q

What can be given for erectile dysfunction

A

Phosphodiestrase inhibitors (drugs that increase blood flow to the penis) are first line

Sildenafil
Tadalafil
Vardenafil

34
Q

What’s licenced for the treatment of pre-ejaculation

A

Dapoxetine

A short acting SSRI

35
Q

When is phosphodiestrase inhibitors contraindicated

A

Patient receiving nitrates
Recent stroke
Angina attacks
MI

36
Q

How are prostaglandins and oxytocics used in obstetrics

A

They are used to induce abortion, induce labour and to minimise blood loss from the placenta site
By causing uterine contractions

37
Q

Examples of obstetrics

A

Oxytocin
Carbetoxin
Ergometrine
Prostaglandin

38
Q

What can be given for vagina atrophy

A

Oestrogen containing creams (small amount for shortest period of time) minimise s/e of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma

39
Q

How are the different fungal vulval and vaginal infections treated

A

Candidal vulvitis- treated locally with cream (Imidazole)

Vaginal candidiasis- treated with antifungal cream of pessary inserted high into the vagina (Imidazole) or if oral route Triazole given

40
Q

How are fungal vaginal infections treated in pregnancy

And how in persistent infections

A

Topical imodazole
May need longer course
Oral avoided

Treatment extended to 6 months in recurrent infections

41
Q

How are non fungal vaginal infections usually treated?

A

metronidazole gel

42
Q

What obstetrics is given for abortion

A

Gemeprost
Mifespristone
Misoprostol

43
Q

What obstetrics is given to induce labour

A

Dinoprostone
Misoprostol
Oxytocin

44
Q

What obstetrics is given to prevent or treat bleeding from labour, abortion or miscarriage

A 
Carbetocin
Carboprost 
Ergometrine
Misoprostol 
OxyContin
45
Q

What obstetrics is given for ectopic pregnancy

A

Methotrexate

46
Q

What obstetrics is given for premature labour

A

SABA
Atosiban
Indometacin
Nifedipine

47
Q

What other use does finesteride have other that urinary incontinence

A

Treat hair loss

48
Q

Adverse affect of finesteride that may cause men might stop taking it

A

Gynaecomastia

49
Q

What other use does alpha blocker have except urinary retention

A

Resistant hypertension

50
Q

Side effect of finesteride

A

Male breast cancer

Depression and suicidal thoughts

51
Q

What forms does the combined contraceptive come in

A

Oral
Transdermal patch
Vaginal ring

52
Q

What does does the progestogen come in

A

Oral
Parenteral
Intrauterine device

53
Q

When is the risk increased of arterial thromboembolism for patients on hormonal contraceptives

A

Diabetes
Hypertension
Migraine without aura

54
Q

How long after major surgery can COC be restarted

A

2 weeks after being mobilised

55
Q

What’s common with progestogen only pill

A

Menstrual irregularities, heavy or light periods

56
Q

When should you get EHC for POP and COC when missed a pill

A

POP missed on pill and had unprotected sex within 2 days

COC missed 2 pills and had unprotected sex within 7 days

57
Q

Which EHC can you give if a patient is on medication that interact (eg epileptic meds)

A

Copper IUD
3mg levonorgestrel
Ulipristal

58
Q

What’s the risk of the hormonal implant?

A

MHRA alert of the implant reaching the lungs

59
Q

Cancer side effect of COC and POP

A

COC increased risk of cervical and breast cancer

POP increased risk of breast cancer

60
Q

How long should you use addiction barrier protection when you take Ulipristal when on other contraception

A 
COC= 14 days
POP= 9 days pill, 14 days parenteral
61
Q

Which contraceptives are not effected by enzyme inducing drugs

A

Parenteral POP

IUD

62
Q

What conditions can Antimuscarinic a worsen

A 
Hyperthyroidism 
Coronary artery disease 
Congestive heart failure 
Hypertension 
Prostatic hyperplasia 
Arrhythmia 
Tachycardia
63
Q

Is COC suitable in breast feeding

A

No

64
Q

Advantages of parenteral POP

A

Protects against ectopic pregnancy

Not affected by enzyme inducing drugs

65
Q

Disadvantages of parenteral POP

A

Delayed return of fertility

Irregular cycles

66
Q

Advantages and disadvantages or implant POP

A

Advantages: highly effective and long lasting (3 years)

Disadvantage: affected by enzyme inducers

67
Q

Why are long journeys while on COC risky

A

DVT risk with travels > 3 hours

68
Q

According to frasers guidelines when can you provide contraception without parental consent to under 16?

A

She understands the doctors advice
She cannot be persuaded to inform her parents
She’s likely to have sex again
If her mental of physical health will suffer
It’s in her best interest

69
Q

What bp should contraception be stopped

A

Above 160/95mmHg

70
Q

What age can thrush treatment be sold otc

A

Between 16-60

71
Q

When should progesterone pill be taken

A

On day 1 of the cycle

If started after day 5, additional precaution is required

72
Q

What’s the main risk of giving phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors with cvd drugs

A

Hypotension

73
Q

When should you advice patients to take sildenafil

A

1 hour before sex and before food

74
Q

What’s the criteria to supply tamsulosin otc

A

Symptoms for 3 months
Men aged 45-
Initially 2 week supply
Of improvement further 4 weeks can be given then must have seen gp

75
Q

What medication can cause cystitis

A

Tioprofenic acid

76
Q

Which EHC can be taken again in the same cycle

A

Levonorgestrel

Pre-reg (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions