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Pre-reg > Chapter 11- Eye > Flashcards

Chapter 11- Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What should you generally do when using more that one eye treatment

A

Wait 5 minutes between them

Generally wait a little longer for gels and suspensions

Ointments applied after drops

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2
Q

What’s used to flush the eye out?

A

Sodium chloride or water

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3
Q

What’s the treatment of choice for most eye infections

A

Chlorphenicol

A broad spectrum antibiotic

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4
Q

What can be given for the eye inflammation or following surgery

A

Corticosteroids
Topical antihistamines for allergies
Diclofenac

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5
Q

What does contact lenses increase the risk of

A

Infection and keratitis

Daily lenses are safer

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6
Q

What drugs can affect the use of contact lenses

A

Oral contraceptives can make contacts uncomfortable

Antihistamines and benzos reduce the rate of blinking

Antimuscarinics dry the eyes

Isit retinoids can cause inflammation

Aspirin can accumulate in lenses

Rifampicin and sulfazaline can discolour contact lenses

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7
Q

How are eye drops applied

A

Pulling down the lower eyelid, adding the drops and then keeping it closed for as long as possible

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8
Q

What should the eye drop volume generally be?

A

<1ml

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9
Q

When should an eye drop be discarded after opening

A

Generally 4 weeks got home use

1 week hospital ward use

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10
Q

What’s given for corneal ulcer and how’s it given

A

Ciprofloxacin

Every 15 minutes for 6 hours then every 30 minutes

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11
Q

From what age can chlorphemicol be sold to the public

A

> 2

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12
Q

What’s the side effects of steroid eye drops

A

May aggravate the condition leading to corneal ulceration

Steroid glaucoma

Steroid cataract

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13
Q

What antihistamines can be used for allergic conjunctivitis and from what age can they be sold OTC

A

Azelastine (aller-eze)
Antazoline (otrivine)
Levocabastine (livostin)

> 12 years old

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14
Q

What’s the dose for antibacterial eye drops

A

Every 2 hours then reduce request as the infection if controlled and continue 48hours after healing

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15
Q

What’s the dose for antibacterial ointment

A

Use at night of using other drops

If not 3-4 times daily

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16
Q

What preservative is commonly used in eye drops and what can it cause

A

Benzalkonium chloride

Stinging and irritation

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17
Q

What can be used for dry eyes and how often is it applied?

A

Hypermellose- applied hourly

Carmellose- applied four times a day

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18
Q

What can be used to reduce redness of the eyes and how does it work

A

Xylometazoline, naphazoline

Vasoconstrictor

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19
Q

What’s used for viral conjunctivitis

A

Aciclovir 5 times a day until 3 days after healing

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20
Q

What’s used for blephritis

A

Fusidic acid cream

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21
Q

What is glaucoma

A

Raised intra ocular pressure

22
Q

Treatment for glaucoma

A

First line:
Beta blocker drops (contraindicated in asthma)

Prostaglandin eye drops (latanoprost)

Second line:
Sympathomimetic eye drops
Diuretic eye drops (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor)

23
Q

Closed angle glaucoma is a medical emergency, what’s are the signs

A 
Cloudy eye 
Nausea and vomiting 
Headache 
Intense eye pain 
Blurred hazy vision 
Sight loss 
Rainbow coloured rings around light
24
Q

Can you wear contacts and use eye drops

A

Hard lenses yes

Soft lenses remove contacts before eye drop use

25
Q

What is keratoconjuctivitis sicca

A

Dry eyes

26
Q

What can occur if corticosteroid is used in red eye causes by HSV

A

Can lead to corneal ulcers and blindness

27
Q

What’s good about prostaglandin analogues

A

Low systemic absorption

28
Q

When is it best to apply eye ointments that blur vision?

A

At night

29
Q

What’s a common preservative used

A

Benzalkonium chloride

30
Q

Side effect of preservatives

A

Stinging and irritation

31
Q

Can you use eye drops while wearing soft lenses

A

Yes if it’s preservative free

If not remove the lenses first as it can accumulate in the lense

32
Q

Do you have to remove lenses for ointment or oily eye drops

A

Yes

33
Q

What meds stain contact lenses orange?

A

Rifampicin

Sulfasalazine

34
Q

What’s used to dilate the pupils in eye examinations

A 
Antimuscarinics 
Phenylephrine(MAOI interaction)
35
Q

What’s good about prostaglandin analogues

A

Low systemic absorption

36
Q

Different between bacterial conjunctivitis and viral conjunctivitis

A

The nature of the discharge- bacterial is yellow and sticky viral is watery and clear

More likely viral if the orient has a cold

Bacterial infections are more common in children

37
Q

What’s the dose for chloramphenicol for conjunctivitis

A

2 drops in affected eye every 2-3 hours initially for the first two days

Then every 4 hours for 3 more days

38
Q

Treatment for styes

A

Use a warm compress for 10 minutes 4 times a day

39
Q

Treatment options for allergic conjunctivitis and what do they do

A

Sodium cromoglicate
Lodoxamide
Antazoline

They relieve itching and redness of the eye

40
Q

Side effects of steroid eye drops

A

Steroid glaucoma
Steroid cataracts
May worsen the condition

41
Q

Examples of prostaglandin analogues

A

Latanoprost
Travoprost
Bimatoprost

42
Q

What can prostaglandin analogues do to the eye colour

A

Discolour it

Turn it brown

43
Q

What are hypermellose, carbomers and sodium chloride used for

A

Tear deficiency

44
Q

Xalatan containing which product can be stored at room temp as opposed to in the fridge

A

Latanoprost

All other peeps kept in the fridge

45
Q

What latanoprost (xalatan) effects should be reported to the gp

A

Eye irritation- excessive watering

Make lashes darker, thicker and longer

46
Q

What preparation used in glaucoma is taken orally

A

Acetazolamide

47
Q

What eye drops can lead to blurred vision and effect driving

A

Pilocarpine

48
Q

What is a rare side effect of using phosphate containing eye drops on patients with damaged corneas

A

Corneal calcification

49
Q

What side effect can be caused by isotretinoin

A

Conjuctival inflammation

50
Q

Does atropine eye drops lead to pupil dilation or constriction

A

Dilation

Known as mydriasis

51
Q

What’s the side effect of chloramphenicol eye drops in babies

A

Grey baby syndrome

52
Q

What intra ocular pressure puts people at risk of developing chronic open angle glaucoma

A

> 21 mmgHg

Pre-reg (27 decks)

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