Chapter 11- Eye Flashcards
What should you generally do when using more that one eye treatment
Wait 5 minutes between them
Generally wait a little longer for gels and suspensions
Ointments applied after drops
What’s used to flush the eye out?
Sodium chloride or water
What’s the treatment of choice for most eye infections
Chlorphenicol
A broad spectrum antibiotic
What can be given for the eye inflammation or following surgery
Corticosteroids
Topical antihistamines for allergies
Diclofenac
What does contact lenses increase the risk of
Infection and keratitis
Daily lenses are safer
What drugs can affect the use of contact lenses
Oral contraceptives can make contacts uncomfortable
Antihistamines and benzos reduce the rate of blinking
Antimuscarinics dry the eyes
Isit retinoids can cause inflammation
Aspirin can accumulate in lenses
Rifampicin and sulfazaline can discolour contact lenses
How are eye drops applied
Pulling down the lower eyelid, adding the drops and then keeping it closed for as long as possible
What should the eye drop volume generally be?
<1ml
When should an eye drop be discarded after opening
Generally 4 weeks got home use
1 week hospital ward use
What’s given for corneal ulcer and how’s it given
Ciprofloxacin
Every 15 minutes for 6 hours then every 30 minutes
From what age can chlorphemicol be sold to the public
> 2
What’s the side effects of steroid eye drops
May aggravate the condition leading to corneal ulceration
Steroid glaucoma
Steroid cataract
What antihistamines can be used for allergic conjunctivitis and from what age can they be sold OTC
Azelastine (aller-eze)
Antazoline (otrivine)
Levocabastine (livostin)
> 12 years old
What’s the dose for antibacterial eye drops
Every 2 hours then reduce request as the infection if controlled and continue 48hours after healing
What’s the dose for antibacterial ointment
Use at night of using other drops
If not 3-4 times daily
What preservative is commonly used in eye drops and what can it cause
Benzalkonium chloride
Stinging and irritation
What can be used for dry eyes and how often is it applied?
Hypermellose- applied hourly
Carmellose- applied four times a day
What can be used to reduce redness of the eyes and how does it work
Xylometazoline, naphazoline
Vasoconstrictor
What’s used for viral conjunctivitis
Aciclovir 5 times a day until 3 days after healing
What’s used for blephritis
Fusidic acid cream
What is glaucoma
Raised intra ocular pressure
Treatment for glaucoma
First line:
Beta blocker drops (contraindicated in asthma)
Prostaglandin eye drops (latanoprost)
Second line:
Sympathomimetic eye drops
Diuretic eye drops (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor)
Closed angle glaucoma is a medical emergency, what’s are the signs
Cloudy eye Nausea and vomiting Headache Intense eye pain Blurred hazy vision Sight loss Rainbow coloured rings around light
Can you wear contacts and use eye drops
Hard lenses yes
Soft lenses remove contacts before eye drop use
What is keratoconjuctivitis sicca
Dry eyes
What can occur if corticosteroid is used in red eye causes by HSV
Can lead to corneal ulcers and blindness
What’s good about prostaglandin analogues
Low systemic absorption
When is it best to apply eye ointments that blur vision?
At night
What’s a common preservative used
Benzalkonium chloride
Side effect of preservatives
Stinging and irritation
Can you use eye drops while wearing soft lenses
Yes if it’s preservative free
If not remove the lenses first as it can accumulate in the lense
Do you have to remove lenses for ointment or oily eye drops
Yes
What meds stain contact lenses orange?
Rifampicin
Sulfasalazine
What’s used to dilate the pupils in eye examinations
Antimuscarinics Phenylephrine(MAOI interaction)
What’s good about prostaglandin analogues
Low systemic absorption
Different between bacterial conjunctivitis and viral conjunctivitis
The nature of the discharge- bacterial is yellow and sticky viral is watery and clear
More likely viral if the orient has a cold
Bacterial infections are more common in children
What’s the dose for chloramphenicol for conjunctivitis
2 drops in affected eye every 2-3 hours initially for the first two days
Then every 4 hours for 3 more days
Treatment for styes
Use a warm compress for 10 minutes 4 times a day
Treatment options for allergic conjunctivitis and what do they do
Sodium cromoglicate
Lodoxamide
Antazoline
They relieve itching and redness of the eye
Side effects of steroid eye drops
Steroid glaucoma
Steroid cataracts
May worsen the condition
Examples of prostaglandin analogues
Latanoprost
Travoprost
Bimatoprost
What can prostaglandin analogues do to the eye colour
Discolour it
Turn it brown
What are hypermellose, carbomers and sodium chloride used for
Tear deficiency
Xalatan containing which product can be stored at room temp as opposed to in the fridge
Latanoprost
All other peeps kept in the fridge
What latanoprost (xalatan) effects should be reported to the gp
Eye irritation- excessive watering
Make lashes darker, thicker and longer
What preparation used in glaucoma is taken orally
Acetazolamide
What eye drops can lead to blurred vision and effect driving
Pilocarpine
What is a rare side effect of using phosphate containing eye drops on patients with damaged corneas
Corneal calcification
What side effect can be caused by isotretinoin
Conjuctival inflammation
Does atropine eye drops lead to pupil dilation or constriction
Dilation
Known as mydriasis
What’s the side effect of chloramphenicol eye drops in babies
Grey baby syndrome
What intra ocular pressure puts people at risk of developing chronic open angle glaucoma
> 21 mmgHg
