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Pre-reg > Chapter 14- Vaccines > Flashcards

Chapter 14- Vaccines Flashcards

1
Q

What is active immunity

A

Your body creating immunity from having had the disease or a vaccine

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2
Q

What are vaccines

A

They contain either:
A live attenuated for of the virus or bacteria (MMR, BCG)

An inactivated virus (flu jab)

Detoxified toxins (tetanus)

Extracts from the microbe (hep b)

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3
Q

What vaccine provides the most durable immunity

A

Live attenuated vaccines

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4
Q

How long do inactivated vaccines last

A

From months to years

May require boosters

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5
Q

Who should avoid live vaccines

A

Immunosuppressant patients

Pregnant women

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6
Q

What route are vaccines never given through

A

IV

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7
Q

What’s vaccine should HIV+ patients not receive

A

BCG
Influenza nasal spray
Typhoid
Yellow fever

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8
Q

What’s passive immunity

A

When immunity is acquired immediately by obtaining antibodies from a person with active immunity to the disease

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9
Q

What duration of immunity is longer active or passive?

A

Active

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10
Q

What are antiserums and immunoglobulin

A

Antiserums- antibodies from animals

Immunoglobulin- antibodies from humans

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11
Q

When should vaccines be postponed

A

If the person is suffering from an acute illness

Not necessary to postpone immunisation in patients with minor illness without fever or systemic upset

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12
Q

Which 2 vaccines should not be administered at the same time, what happens should you leave?

A

MMR and yellow fever

4 week interval

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13
Q

What neurological problems can occur with vaccines

A

An increase risk of febrile convulsions where there is a personal or family history

(Not contraindicated)

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14
Q

How long after taking a high dose corticosteroid or immunosuppressive drug can you have a live vaccine

A

3 months after your last dose of high dose CCS

6 months after stopping immunosuppressive drug

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15
Q

Common side effects st of active immunity

A

Discomfort at injection site
Mild fever
Malaise

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16
Q

How can you treat post immunisation Pyrexia

A

Paracetamol

Ibuprofen if paracetamol is unsuitable

17
Q

Who should be advised to get the flu vaccine

A

People with:

Chronic respiratory disease 
Chronic heart disease 
Chronic renal disease 
Diabetes 
Immunosuppresion 
>65
Residents in a nursing home
18
Q

When should fly vaccine not be given?

A

Egg allergy

19
Q

What the children’s immunisation schedule

A

2 months: first 6 in 1, rotavirus and men B

3 months: second 6 in 1, pneumococcal and rotavirus

4 months: third 6 in 1, pneumococcal and men B

12-13 months: first MMR, boosters menB, pneumococcal, Hib/ MenC

PRIMARY SCHOOL
3 years 4 months: second MMR, 4 in 1 (minus Hib)
2-6 years: annual flu vaccine (nasal spray)

SECONDARY SCHOOL
12-13 years: HPV girls only
13-18 years: 3 in 1 meningococcal ACWY

20
Q

What dose is given for babies post immunisation fever for paracetamol and ibuprofen

A

Paracetamol 2.5ml (60mg)

Ibuprofen 2.5ml (50mg)

21
Q

What vaccine should be given to 65 years +?

A

Flu vaccine

Pneumococcal vaccine

22
Q

What vaccine should be given at 70

A

Shingles vaccine

23
Q

When should a BCG tb vaccine be given

A

If high risk of coming into contact with tb

24
Q

For a child born in the UK, what 4 vaccines should they have at 8 weeks?

A

1st 6 in 1 vaccine
1st Rotavirus
1st Pneumococcal
1st Men B

25
Q

For a child born in the UK, what 2 vaccines should they have at 12 weeks?

A

2nd 6 in 1 vaccine

2nd Rotavirus

26
Q

For a child born in the UK, what 3 vaccines should they have at 16 weeks?

A

3rd 6 in 1 vaccine
2nd Men B
2nd pneumococcal

27
Q

For a child born in the UK, what 2 vaccines and 2 boosters should they have at 12 months?

A

Hib and Men C

1st MMRBooster pneumococcal and booster Men B

28
Q

Under the NHS child vaccination programme, what age should healthy children get the flu vaccine and how is this given?

A

Flu vaccine given via nasal spray From the age of 2 to 9 (pre-school to Year 5)

29
Q

For a child born in the UK, what 1 vaccines and 1 booster should they have 13-18 years?

A

3 in 1 booster (diphtheria, tetanus, polio)Men ACWY

30
Q

What does the 6 in 1 vaccine protect against?

A

Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), polio, haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and hepatitis B

31
Q

When administering live vaccines, why should the alcohol/disinfectant be allowed to dry before administering?

A

As it may inactivate the vaccine

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