Chapter 14- Vaccines Flashcards
What is active immunity
Your body creating immunity from having had the disease or a vaccine
What are vaccines
They contain either:
A live attenuated for of the virus or bacteria (MMR, BCG)
An inactivated virus (flu jab)
Detoxified toxins (tetanus)
Extracts from the microbe (hep b)
What vaccine provides the most durable immunity
Live attenuated vaccines
How long do inactivated vaccines last
From months to years
May require boosters
Who should avoid live vaccines
Immunosuppressant patients
Pregnant women
What route are vaccines never given through
IV
What’s vaccine should HIV+ patients not receive
BCG
Influenza nasal spray
Typhoid
Yellow fever
What’s passive immunity
When immunity is acquired immediately by obtaining antibodies from a person with active immunity to the disease
What duration of immunity is longer active or passive?
Active
What are antiserums and immunoglobulin
Antiserums- antibodies from animals
Immunoglobulin- antibodies from humans
When should vaccines be postponed
If the person is suffering from an acute illness
Not necessary to postpone immunisation in patients with minor illness without fever or systemic upset
Which 2 vaccines should not be administered at the same time, what happens should you leave?
MMR and yellow fever
4 week interval
What neurological problems can occur with vaccines
An increase risk of febrile convulsions where there is a personal or family history
(Not contraindicated)
How long after taking a high dose corticosteroid or immunosuppressive drug can you have a live vaccine
3 months after your last dose of high dose CCS
6 months after stopping immunosuppressive drug
Common side effects st of active immunity
Discomfort at injection site
Mild fever
Malaise
How can you treat post immunisation Pyrexia
Paracetamol
Ibuprofen if paracetamol is unsuitable
Who should be advised to get the flu vaccine
People with:
Chronic respiratory disease Chronic heart disease Chronic renal disease Diabetes Immunosuppresion >65 Residents in a nursing home
When should fly vaccine not be given?
Egg allergy
What the children’s immunisation schedule
2 months: first 6 in 1, rotavirus and men B
3 months: second 6 in 1, pneumococcal and rotavirus
4 months: third 6 in 1, pneumococcal and men B
12-13 months: first MMR, boosters menB, pneumococcal, Hib/ MenC
PRIMARY SCHOOL
3 years 4 months: second MMR, 4 in 1 (minus Hib)
2-6 years: annual flu vaccine (nasal spray)
SECONDARY SCHOOL
12-13 years: HPV girls only
13-18 years: 3 in 1 meningococcal ACWY
What dose is given for babies post immunisation fever for paracetamol and ibuprofen
Paracetamol 2.5ml (60mg)
Ibuprofen 2.5ml (50mg)
What vaccine should be given to 65 years +?
Flu vaccine
Pneumococcal vaccine
What vaccine should be given at 70
Shingles vaccine
When should a BCG tb vaccine be given
If high risk of coming into contact with tb
For a child born in the UK, what 4 vaccines should they have at 8 weeks?
1st 6 in 1 vaccine
1st Rotavirus
1st Pneumococcal
1st Men B
For a child born in the UK, what 2 vaccines should they have at 12 weeks?
2nd 6 in 1 vaccine
2nd Rotavirus
For a child born in the UK, what 3 vaccines should they have at 16 weeks?
3rd 6 in 1 vaccine
2nd Men B
2nd pneumococcal
For a child born in the UK, what 2 vaccines and 2 boosters should they have at 12 months?
Hib and Men C
1st MMRBooster pneumococcal and booster Men B
Under the NHS child vaccination programme, what age should healthy children get the flu vaccine and how is this given?
Flu vaccine given via nasal spray From the age of 2 to 9 (pre-school to Year 5)
For a child born in the UK, what 1 vaccines and 1 booster should they have 13-18 years?
3 in 1 booster (diphtheria, tetanus, polio)Men ACWY
What does the 6 in 1 vaccine protect against?
Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), polio, haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and hepatitis B
When administering live vaccines, why should the alcohol/disinfectant be allowed to dry before administering?
As it may inactivate the vaccine
