Exposure Flashcards

1
Q

2 components of exposure

A

Exposure to feared stimuli without the feared consequence

Plus preventing escape or avoidance and encouraging approach behaviour

The person should stay in the situation long enough to realise that they don’t need to escape or Avoid for the fear to reduce.

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2
Q

Feared stimuli can be

A
Situations 
Emotions
Things 
People
Imaginal
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3
Q

Define exposure

A

Procedure that reduces fear and anxiety by exposing person to stimuli that elicit those emotions so the consequences are disconfirmed.

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4
Q

Repeated exposures

A

Reduce intensity

Habituated fears

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5
Q

Mechanisms of change

A

Extinction or habituation

Counter conditioning

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6
Q

Extinction works by

A

Repeated prolonged presentations of the cs withou the us leads to decrease in intensity of emotion because the situational cue no longer elicits the response.

Avoidance behaviours need to be blocked to weaken the cs and us pairing.

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7
Q

Facts about exposure

A

Old learning not eliminated. New learning can occur.

Can fear same stimuli but in different strengths in different contexts.
So it’s important that we take into account the specific contexts and events that invoke the fear response and make sure we Target those as well

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8
Q

3 theories explains mechanism of change in exposure

A

Two Factor Theory and langs bioinformational model of emotional processing of fear plus counter conditioning

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9
Q

What is the 2 factor model of Fear acquisition

A

States that fear is classically conditioned and then generalised and then avoidance leads to negative reinforcement in reduction in anxiety.

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10
Q

Mechanisms of change

A

The lowering of anxiety last for corrective information that previously feared stimuli and not dangerous and repeated exposure overtime allows for new non fear related elements and memories to be formed

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11
Q

Mechanism of change - Exposure and response prevention

A

Repeated Exposure to fear stimuli without the feared consreuqmr leads to reduced fear habituation. However need to prevent response so core fear can be disconfirmed that this action is not necessary and fear will reduce.

The lowered anxiety allows new information to be incorporated that safe and not dangerous

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12
Q

Cue exposure

A

Not sole treatment, used in substance abuse etc

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13
Q

Opposite action

A

Opposite action to feeling and observe consequence

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14
Q

Steps in exposure before starting
Target, adaptive, type exposure, rationale, stimuli, graded or flooding, sessions

Tarts gfs

A
Decide which emotions to target 
Is the emotion adaptive or not
Decide on type of exposure 
Explain rationale with examples
Assess all the stimuli and their intensity
Graded or flooding
Schedule sessions
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15
Q

Guidelines for exposure

A
Allow anxiety to dissipate by self (no sb and avoidance
Take regular suds ratings
Ensure habituation 
Collaborative 
Repeat session exposures for homework
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16
Q

Heirarchy

A

Be specific about goals
Rate steps of difficulty
As each step is mastered move to next with half reduction anxiety
Often over or underestimate anxiety

8 to 12 steps
Starts at suds of 5 out of 10
Between sessions exposure/ repeated!!!

17
Q

Bioinformation model

A

Fear structure in connected memory network of information about 3 types of stimulus, responses , and meaning elements.

Using behavioural interventions to change emotions and creative cognitive change.

18
Q

Example of exposure

A

Spider
Think about a spider
Picture of spider (ranging from small to big)
Video of spider (ranging from small to big)
Plastic Spider
Spider in a glass at the other side of the room (ranging from small to big)
Spider in glass moved closer (ranging from small to big)
Spider out of glass at other side room
Spider moved progressively closer to person until able to touch the spider