EXPLANATIONS FOR GENDER DIFFERENCES IN CRIME

Question 1

what 5 things do we have to remember for explaining the relationship between gender and crime?

Answer 1

func explanations - sex-role theory
feminist explanations
biological explanations for gender differences in criminality
recent changes in rates of female crim
masculinity - why do males commit more crime

Question 2

what 2 names do we need to remember for func exp of gender diff in crime?

Answer 2

Sutherland

Parsons

Question 3

sex-role theory shows…

Answer 3

boys and girls are socialised differently so boys commit more crime

Question 4

Sutherland stated that..

Answer 4

there are clear gender differences when it comes to socialisation

Question 5

Sutherland says that girls are…. and boys are….

Answer 5

girls are more supervised and taught to be domesticated and passive
boys encouraged to take risks and be tough and aggressive

Question 6

functionalists say that when women become deviant….

Answer 6

due to their socialisation, such as being a tomboy or having brothers

Question 7

Parsons says that men take on the what in the family….

Answer 7

fathers instrumental role requires him to be the leader and mothers have expressive role so give emotional support

Question 8

According to Parsons….

Answer 8

girls have access to their role model freq as mother is at home, boys have less access to role model

Question 9

since boys don’t have access to their role model…

Answer 9

they experience ‘status anxiety’ and cannot identify with correct sex

Question 10

status anxiety experiences by young males leads to…

Answer 10

exaggerated masc behaviour and frustration

Question 11

what do feminist explanations focus on?

Answer 11

why females don’t commit crime e.g. socialisation and control from patriarchal society

Question 12

what 2 feminist do we need to remember for feminist explanations for diff in crime?

Answer 12

Smart and Carlen

Question 13

what does Smart say?

Answer 13

girls have stricter socialisation in family and become ‘prisoners in their own home’

Question 14

crime can be seen as ____ _________ for men and is an extension of….

Answer 14

‘role-expressive’ and is an extension of the male role of protector and dominant aggressor

Question 15

crime can be seen as _____ _________ as it….. and female deviants are seen as…

Answer 15

‘role-distorting’ as it goes against their expected role of nurturer and carer, female dev seen as ‘double deviant’ and seen as unfeminine

Question 16

Carlen states that..

Answer 16

women who commit crime believe that the benefits of crime outweigh the benefits of being a women, usually bought up in a way that doens’t reinf gender roles e.g. care

Question 17

what 2 sociologists do we need to remember for bio exp for gender diff in crime?

Answer 17

Lombroso

Thomas

Question 18

what does Lombroso say about criminals and women?

Answer 18

criminals were biological, women have natural passivity and are not smart enough to commit crime

Question 19

Lombroso said women who are ‘born criminal’ show…

Answer 19

masculine traits and lack maternal instinct

Question 20

Thomas argued that men and women have…

Answer 20

different personality traits, men are more active and women are more passive

Question 21

Thomas said women require more what than men?

Answer 21

more social approval and affection and do this through domestic roles (MC)

Question 22

Thomas says that poor women lack…..

Answer 22

socialisation and morality, so don’t take on submissive role and use sexuality for emotional gain

Question 23

how can biological exp for gender diff in crime be criticised?

Answer 23

ignorance of econ issues poor women face

relies on biblical myth that women are scheming and manipulative

Question 24

what 4 sociologists do we need to remember for recent changes in rates of female crim?

Answer 24

Adler
Chesney-Lind
James and Thornton
Gelsthorpe

Question 25

Adler said that…

Answer 25

there has been a change in expected female behaviour, show ‘laddish’ beh and adopt values such as being hard and risk-taking

Question 26

Chesney-Lind said that…

Answer 26

poor women more likely to be crim than ‘liberated’ MC women

down to econ and social situ than liberation as more women in male offences e.g. drugs

Question 27

James and Thornton found women prisoners…

Answer 27

more likely to come from poverty and uneducated background

Question 28

Gelsthorpe says that increase of women in prisons..

Answer 28

down to shift in sentencing policy and decline in chivalry and how society perceive women

Question 29

what 3 sociologists do we have to remember for masculinity and why males commit more crime?

Answer 29

Messerschmidt
Mosher
Winlow

Question 30

what does Messerschmidt says about masculinity?

Answer 30

hegemonic masculinity where young males are competitive, aggressive, violent and get reputation through sex, pranks and drinking

Question 31

Mosher found…

Answer 31

hypermasculinity where males are dangerous and accepting of violent

Question 32

Mosher says that men who are…. will show hypermasc

Answer 32

WC men who are jobless, sexist, in gangs, or have grown up around this

Question 33

Winlow studied…

Answer 33

WC males in Sunderland, said mass unemploy men no status and violence was more significant