EXPLANATIONS FOR ETHNICITY DIFFERENCES IN CRIME

Question 1

what 5 things do we have to remember for ethnicity diff in crime?

Answer 1

Discrimination in CJS 
Institutional racism and police culture 
Evaluating institutional racism 
Sentencing and courts 
Explaining high levels of crime in ethnic groups

Question 2

what 3 names do we have to remember for discrim in CJS?

Answer 2

Anderson
Hall
Phillips and Bowling

Question 3

Anderson says…

Answer 3

police assume white people are MC and trust-worthy and black people are LC and criminal
police harass and abuse black males on regular basis, seen as inevitable by them

Question 4

Hall looked at the…

Answer 4

Scarman and McPherson report

Question 5

what was the Scarman report?

Answer 5

recog social and econ disadvantaged faced by EM and policing issues of communities

Question 6

what was the McPherson report?

Answer 6

official inquiry into murder of Stephen Lawrence

Hall welcome the conc of it that looked at insitutional racism in MET

Question 7

Phillips and Bowling supported the fact that nothing will chnage until people are held accountable through…

Answer 7

EM neighbourhood still being over-policed with military style methods

Question 8

what is institutional racism?

Answer 8

refer to racism within the social processes and practices of an insitution

Question 9

define ‘cop culture’ and ‘canteen culture’

Answer 9

shared set of N+V developed by police

attitudes and values exhibited by police shows normalisation of racist attitudes

Question 10

what 3 sociologists do we need to remember for instit racism and police culture?

Answer 10

Holdaway
Bhilox
Scraton

Question 11

Holdaway said…

Answer 11

‘racialisation of policing’ where there is ‘racial framing’ where race is/isn’t taken into account when needed, act in racist ways without realising

Question 12

Bhilox found that…

Answer 12

policing is directed at those most excluded in society

Question 13

what 2 policies did Bhilox find police pursue?

Answer 13

1. differential deployment - conc policing on areas where targets are
2. methodological suspicion - only suspecting limited proportion of population
   has negative impact on EM, who feel injustice

Question 14

what 2 policies did Bhilox find police pursue?

Answer 14

1. differential deployment - conc policing on areas where targets are
2. methodological suspicion - only suspecting limited proportion of population
   has negative impact on EM, who feel injustice

Question 15

Scraton found…

Answer 15

police occupying force on WC and EM, reflecting ruling class interests

Question 16

how can we evaluate institutional racism?

Answer 16

Waddington et al - black and asian males are not treated disproportionally by police, amount of S+S in line with prop in pop
Glynn - reasons for reoffending of black males is due to ‘getting back at society’ as CJS is inherently racist

Question 17

police recorded figures show…. meaning that institutional racism is a myth

Answer 17

12% men in LDN are black, account for 54% street crime, 46% knife crime and nearly 50% gun crime

Question 18

Hood says race affects…

Answer 18

sentencing, demonstrating all other variables taken in acct

Question 19

what is a statistics that supports Hood?

Answer 19

black men are 5% +likely to be in prison than white people

Question 20

what is the most common sentence for ethnic minroties and for whtie people?

Answer 20

most common sentence for white and mixed is a community sentence
black and asian is immediate custody

Question 21

between 1993 and 2003, the prison population has increase by…

Answer 21

48% for white people and 138% for black people

Question 22

how can we explain high levels of crime in ethnic groups?

Answer 22

influence of culture and subculture, deprivation, exclusion and racism

Question 23

what does a report from Home Affairs Select Committee of the House of Commons show?

Answer 23

range of factors contribute to high levels of criminality amongst black youths

Question 24

what factors contribute to high levels of criminality amongst black youths?

Answer 24

entrenched poverty, exclusions, family conflict and lack of positive role models

Question 25

what did Pitts find?

Answer 25

ME young people have been ‘immobilised’ at the bottom of the economic ladder, cut from mainstream values of society

Question 26

what did Gunter find to explain high levels of criminality in black males in east ldn?

Answer 26

significance of ‘road culture’ and ‘badness’ influenced by being on streets and housing estates and characterised by vio behaviour, crim activity and low-level drug dealing