Explain the immunomodulatory mechanism of tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-B) in multiple sclerosis

Question 1

What is immunomodulation

Answer 1

The process of modifying, regulating, or modulating the activity of the immune system. This can involve either enhancing or suppressing the immune response, depending on the context and therapeutic goals. Used to maintain immune homeostasis

Question 2

Multiple sclerosis

Answer 2

A chronic autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorder that affects the central nervous system. The immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath in the brain resulting in inflammation and demyelination

Question 3

CD4+ T cell in MS

Answer 3

Subset 1 and 17 play a pivotal role in the diseases progression, these immune cells, which are normally involved in orchestrating immune responses become misdirected and mount an attack against the body’s own central nervous system.
This immune response disrupts the normal functioning of nerve cells, leading to the varied neurological symptoms associated with the disease

Question 4

TNF-beta

Answer 4

A cytokine produced by immune cells having a capacity to suppress tumour cells proliferation and induce tumour apoptosis to create a positive control

Question 5

TNF-beta mechanism

Answer 5

TNF-β has anti-inflammatory effects, acting as a regulator of immune responses, it can inhibit proinflammatory pathways, potentially modulating the activity of CD4+ T cells involved in the autoimmune response. This helps dampen the inflammation within the central nervous system, potentially mitigating the autoimmune response against myelin