Explain how hormones, genetics, activity levels and sociocultural factors combine and interact to affect Physical Growth and Development.

Question 1

Glandular and Hormonal Activity

Answer 1

The endocrine system helps the body grow and develop by releasing hormones.

• Pituitary gland: Makes human growth hormone (HGH), which helps bones and muscles grow. HGH decreases after age 30, reducing muscle mass.
• Thyroid gland: Releases thyroxine, important for metabolism and growth. Low levels can slow growth and weaken bones.
• Gonadal glands: Release testosterone and estrogen:
  
  • Testosterone: Builds muscle and develops male traits, especially during puberty.
  • Estrogen: Aids bone growth and fat distribution, causing girls to mature earlier and be shorter as adults.

Question 2

Genetics

Answer 2

• Family traits, such as height, may influence growth, but diet and lifestyle also impact development.

Question 3

Nutrition and Diet

Answer 3

• Good nutrition supports physical and mental growth, while malnutrition can stunt growth and reduce mental ability.
• Childhood obesity, meanwhile, increases health risks like diabetes and high blood pressure.

Question 4

Physical Activity

Answer 4

• Regular activity from a young age promotes growth. For ages 12 to 17, at least 60 minutes of exercise daily is recommended, along with limited screen time.

Question 5

Sociocultural Factors

Answer 5

• Society’s values influence activity participation. Positive influences include community support, role models, and access to facilities, encouraging physical skill development and active lifestyles.