Experimental designs Flashcards
What is repeated measures design
Participants partake in both conditions
What is independent measures design
Participants take part in only one condition.
What is matched pairs
Participants are paired based on key variables such as age and IQ, before splitting them into two groups.
What is order effects
How the positioning of the tasks influences the outcome of the task. (tiredness or boredom)
What is participant variables
Any characteristic or part of a participant’s background that can affect the study results as it acts as an extraneous variable.
What is demand characteristics
When individuals change their behavior due to having the knowledge that they are being observed (please you or screw you).
Counterbalancing
Half the participants experience the conditions in one order, and the other half in the opposite order.
What is practice effects
Participants may perform better in the second condition as they know what is expected of them (a type of order effect)
Strengths of independent measures
Avoids order effects
Reduces demand characteristics
Disadvantages of independent measures
More PPTs are needed
participant variables may interfere.
Strengths of matched pairs
reduced participant variables
reduced order effects
Weaknesses of matched pairs
More participants required
Participant variables (can’t perfectly match)
Strengths of repeated measures
less PPTs (cheaper)
reduced participant variables
Disadvantages of repeated measures
Order effects can occur (counterbalancing can be used)
demand characteristics
