Experimental Designs

Question 0

Large groups designs can be ____ subjects or ____ subjects

Answer 0

Between; within

Question 1

What are the two main types of experimental designs?

Answer 1

Groups

Single case/subject designs

Question 2

Between subjects:

Answer 2

Subjects randomly assigned to experimental/control groups to determine effect of I.V.

Question 3

Within subjects:

Answer 3

Involves repeated measures. Pts sit all conditions and and all results are compared across conditions

Question 4

Single case designs are ____-subject designs. The participant acts as his/her own ____ group

Answer 4

Within; control

Question 5

Give one advantage of using group designs

Answer 5

Less likelihood of extraneous variables affecting the D.V. (e.g. Individual differences)

Question 6

Give one advantage of using single-subject designs

Answer 6

Tells us more about individual behaviour (where groups designs only show us group averages)

Question 7

Behaviour is an ____ phenomenon. What is true of 1 person…

Answer 7

Individual; may not be true for another

Question 8

Behaviour is a ____ phenomenon. It is not static, which is why ____ ____ are so important

Answer 8

Continuous; repeated measures

Question 9

A limitation of single case designs is that

Answer 9

Studies involving small groups of people will not have much external validity (problematic from a research perspective)

Question 10

____ is key to demonstrating external validity in single case designs

Answer 10

Replication

Question 11

What are phase lines?

Answer 11

The lines drawn on graphs to separate baselines and interventions

Question 12

What are phase labels?

Answer 12

Labels explaining what each part of the graph indicated e.g. Baseline, treatment 1

Question 13

Units of time are located on the ____

Answer 13

X-axis

Question 14

The percentage/frequency of behaviour is shown on the ____

Answer 14

Y-axis

Question 15

Before implementing treatment baseline data should be

Answer 15

Stable

Question 16

Baseline data is considered stable if ____ - ____% of the data points fall within ____% of the mean

Answer 16

80;90;15

Question 17

Design that shows the effects of the I.V. by systematically removing it and returning to baseline

Answer 17

ABAB/Reversal

Question 18

When should the ABAB design be used?

Answer 18

When behaviours are likely to reverse and aren’t dangerous to others

Question 19

Design that staggers the I.V. across people, settings and behaviours

Answer 19

Multiple baseline

Question 20

Using the multiple baseline design requires taking

Answer 20

At least two baselines for different people or behaviours or settings

Question 21

When should multiple baselines be used?

Answer 21

When multiple, independent elements exist within the experimental settings

When reversal is dangerous/impossible

Question 22

Design that rapidly and randomly switches between I.V.s, allowing simultaneous comparison of treatments to baseline.

Answer 22

Alternating treatments

Question 23

In alternating treatments designs the I.V.s are ____ assigned to days, times etc.

Answer 23

Randomly

Question 24

When should alternating treatments design be used?

Answer 24

When you have >1 intervention to compare

Question 25

Give on advantage to using alternating treatments design

Answer 25

Allows you to choose best treatment out of choice

Question 26

Alternating treatments design requires that treatments are ____ of one another

Answer 26

Independent (treatments should have no carry-over effects)

Question 27

A variation of the reversal design that compares two or more I.V.s by individually comparing them to baseline

Answer 27

ABAC... (With more I.V.s can proceed to D, E, F etc.)

Question 28

In ABAC designs, A = ____, B = ____, C = ____

Answer 28

Baseline; I.V. 1; I.V. 2

Question 29

Experimental design: involves baseline and treatment phase, but the treatment changes as successive goals are met (goals increase as behaviour increases)

Answer 29

Changing criterion design