Differential Reinforcement

Question 1

Differential reinforcement procedures involve…

Answer 1

applying reinforcement and extinction to increase desirable and decrease undesirable behaviour

Question 2

Name the three types of differential reinforcement

Answer 2

1. Diff reinf’t of alternative behaviour (DRA)
2. Diff renif’t of other behaviours (DRO)
3. Diff reinf’t of low rates of behaviour (DRL)

Question 3

Define DRA

Answer 3

Combines contingent reinf’t of appropriate behaviour and extinguishing of undesirable one

Question 4

DRA tips: Determine the ____ of behaviour so you know what reinforcer to use

Answer 4

function

Question 5

DRA tips: Reinforce…

Answer 5

each instance of alternative behaviour immediately & consistently

Question 6

DRA tips: Ensure alternative behaviour is…

Answer 6

as (or easier) easy to complete than problem behaviour

Question 7

DRA tips: Clearly define…

Answer 7

alternative and undesirable behaviours

Question 8

DRA tips: A good choice of reinforcer would be…

Answer 8

whatever is currently maintaining problem behaviour

Question 9

DRA tips: Once alternative behaviour occurs consistently…

Answer 9

start thinning reinf’t schedule

Question 10

DRA tips: Program for…

Answer 10

generalisation

Question 11

Variations: Can also be used with ____ ____ (DNRA)

Answer 11

negative reinfocement

Question 12

When using DRA, remember the person may not…

Answer 12

know how to perform desirable behaviour, in which case teaching (using shaping) may be necessary

Question 13

Variations: Differential reinf’t of ____ ____ (DRI)

Answer 13

incompatible behaviour (can’t occur at same time as problem behaviour)

Question 14

Variations: Differential reinf’t of ____ (DRC)

Answer 14

Communication (teaches individual to make communication that is functionally equivalent)

Question 15

DRC is also known as…

Answer 15

Functional communication training

Question 16

Define DRO

Answer 16

Contingent reinforcement of absence of undesirable behaviour. Uses extinction if problem behaviour occurs

Question 17

What does IRT refer to?

Answer 17

Inter-response time. The time between the end of one response and onset of another

Question 18

DRO tips: Identify the…

Answer 18

function of the behaviour so you know what reinforcer to use

Question 19

DRO tips: Consider ____ ____ ____ when setting the initial DRO interval

Answer 19

inter-response time (IRT)

Question 20

DRO is a good strategy to use if the individual is unlikely… Also good if…

Answer 20

to replace his/her behaviour with another problem behaviour; an alternative behaviour would be difficult for the person to do

Question 21

Schedule thinning is achieved within DRO by

Answer 21

gradually increasing the length of intervals

Question 22

If behaviour occurs frequently, intervals must be

Answer 22

shorter

Question 23

What are the two types of DRO?

Answer 23

Whole interval (reinforcer = absent for whole) or momentary (reinforcer = absent at end)

Question 24

When would momentary DRO be used?

Answer 24

In behaviour maintenance

Question 25

Define DRL

Answer 25

Procedure in which behaviour is reinforced if it occurs at a rate that is less than a set criteria

Question 26

When is DRL used?

Answer 26

When the behaviour is appropriate and desirable but occurs too much

Question 27

What are the two types of DRL?

Answer 27

Full session DRL; Spaced-responding DRL

Question 28

What is full session DRL?

Answer 28

Behaviour is reinforced if it occurs less than the specified amount of times during a session

Question 29

What is spaced-responding DRL?

Answer 29

Behaviour is reinforced if an interval of time passes between responses

Question 30

In DRL, when is the reinforcer delivered?

Answer 30

Immediately after the behaviour occurs (provided criteria is obeyed)

Question 31

DRL tips: Identify the _____ __ _____ to know what reinforcer to use

Answer 31

function of behaviour

Question 32

How can you help the client remember the DRL schedule?

Answer 32

Provide stimuli such as stopwatches, response markers etc.

Question 33

DRL tips: When setting the DRL schedule, consider...

Answer 33

the current level of responding