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Challenging Behaviour Year 2 > Differential Reinforcement > Flashcards

Differential Reinforcement Flashcards

1
Q

Differential reinforcement procedures involve…

A

applying reinforcement and extinction to increase desirable and decrease undesirable behaviour

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2
Q

Name the three types of differential reinforcement

A
  1. Diff reinf’t of alternative behaviour (DRA)
  2. Diff renif’t of other behaviours (DRO)
  3. Diff reinf’t of low rates of behaviour (DRL)
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3
Q

Define DRA

A

Combines contingent reinf’t of appropriate behaviour and extinguishing of undesirable one

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4
Q

DRA tips: Determine the ____ of behaviour so you know what reinforcer to use

A

function

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5
Q

DRA tips: Reinforce…

A

each instance of alternative behaviour immediately & consistently

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6
Q

DRA tips: Ensure alternative behaviour is…

A

as (or easier) easy to complete than problem behaviour

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7
Q

DRA tips: Clearly define…

A

alternative and undesirable behaviours

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8
Q

DRA tips: A good choice of reinforcer would be…

A

whatever is currently maintaining problem behaviour

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9
Q

DRA tips: Once alternative behaviour occurs consistently…

A

start thinning reinf’t schedule

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10
Q

DRA tips: Program for…

A

generalisation

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11
Q

Variations: Can also be used with ____ ____ (DNRA)

A

negative reinfocement

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12
Q

When using DRA, remember the person may not…

A

know how to perform desirable behaviour, in which case teaching (using shaping) may be necessary

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13
Q

Variations: Differential reinf’t of ____ ____ (DRI)

A

incompatible behaviour (can’t occur at same time as problem behaviour)

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14
Q

Variations: Differential reinf’t of ____ (DRC)

A

Communication (teaches individual to make communication that is functionally equivalent)

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15
Q

DRC is also known as…

A

Functional communication training

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16
Q

Define DRO

A

Contingent reinforcement of absence of undesirable behaviour. Uses extinction if problem behaviour occurs

17
Q

What does IRT refer to?

A

Inter-response time. The time between the end of one response and onset of another

18
Q

DRO tips: Identify the…

A

function of the behaviour so you know what reinforcer to use

19
Q

DRO tips: Consider ____ ____ ____ when setting the initial DRO interval

A

inter-response time (IRT)

20
Q

DRO is a good strategy to use if the individual is unlikely… Also good if…

A

to replace his/her behaviour with another problem behaviour; an alternative behaviour would be difficult for the person to do

21
Q

Schedule thinning is achieved within DRO by

A

gradually increasing the length of intervals

22
Q

If behaviour occurs frequently, intervals must be

A

shorter

23
Q

What are the two types of DRO?

A

Whole interval (reinforcer = absent for whole) or momentary (reinforcer = absent at end)

24
Q

When would momentary DRO be used?

A

In behaviour maintenance

25
Q

Define DRL

A

Procedure in which behaviour is reinforced if it occurs at a rate that is less than a set criteria

26
Q

When is DRL used?

A

When the behaviour is appropriate and desirable but occurs too much

27
Q

What are the two types of DRL?

A

Full session DRL; Spaced-responding DRL

28
Q

What is full session DRL?

A

Behaviour is reinforced if it occurs less than the specified amount of times during a session

29
Q

What is spaced-responding DRL?

A

Behaviour is reinforced if an interval of time passes between responses

30
Q

In DRL, when is the reinforcer delivered?

A

Immediately after the behaviour occurs (provided criteria is obeyed)

31
Q

DRL tips: Identify the _____ __ _____ to know what reinforcer to use

A

function of behaviour

32
Q

How can you help the client remember the DRL schedule?

A

Provide stimuli such as stopwatches, response markers etc.

33
Q

DRL tips: When setting the DRL schedule, consider…

A

the current level of responding

Challenging Behaviour Year 2 (22 decks)

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