Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BCBA-CERT > Experimental Design > Flashcards

Experimental Design Flashcards

1
Q

what is experimental control (functional relation)

A

demonstrates that the IV causes DV
DV is measured over time and treatment be repeatedly presented and extraneous variables be controlled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a descriptive analysis

A

measures the amount of a behaviour that occurs under one environmental condition or treatment variable, but does not manipulate that condition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a correlational analysis

A

compares the amount of behavior that occur under at least two environmental conditions or treatment variables, values of treatment but does not manipulate that condition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a hypothetical analysis

A

a reasoned guess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is external validity in behaviour analysis

A

direct replication
systematic replication
study findings can be generalized to other settings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the two types of direct replication

A

intersubject - different subjects with similar characteristics are exposed to the treatment

intrasubject - same subject is used in replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is internal validity

A

extent to which the experimental controls or eliminates confounding variables

confounding variables can occur related to the setting (e.g., bootleg reinforcement, or reinforcement that is not part of and undermines an intervention), the measurement (e.g., observer drift or bias) and the independent variables (e.g., lapses in treatment integrity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the threats to internal validity

A

Maturation - changes within the individual that occur during the experiment
Setting Confounds - - Uncontrolled aspects of the natural environment
Testing - repeated testing
Procedural Integrity - treatment not being implemented as planned - procedural drift
Loss of subjects - participants drop out (attrition)
Multiple Intervention Interference - interaction of multiple treatments
Instability - variability in behaviour
Coincidentally Intervening - coincidence that the intervention started at the same time the behavior was changing
Instrumentation - inaccurate measurement by devices or human observers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is prediction

A

prediction (anticipating unknown future measurement due to steady levels of responding)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is verification

A

(demonstrating that the baseline level of responding would not have changed unless the independent variable was introduced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is replication

A

manipulating the independent variable repeatedly and obtaining the same outcomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is steady state

A

repeated exposure to conditions, elimination of extraneous influences, and obtaining a stable pattern o behavior before adding or changing conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the the defining features of single-subject methodology

A

subjects serve as their own control
repeated measurement of dependent variable over time
visual inspection of graphic data for changes in trend, level, or variability,
inter-subject replication to establish experimental control
replication across subjects, settings and materials to establish eternal validity
social importance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is behaviour in terms of experimental methods in behaviour analysis

A

behaviour is an individual, continuous, phenomenon that is determined by the functional relation it holds with other events.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is behaviour variability in the behaviour analysts

A

behaviour variability is the result of environmental influences and an indiviudal phenomenon, it is extrsinic to the organism, and continuous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the alternating treatment design control for

A

maturation ( changes that occur in the sbuject during the experiment)

data instability ( variability obsecures effect due to the overlapping data points)

sequence effects ( a condition run for several sessions influences he next condition) and to some degree, attrition (loss of sobjects)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is an alternating treatment design

A

baseline is often run but not esential
then several session of one intervention
then several session of another intervention

conditoins are alternated or counterbalanced fashion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is disadvantage of alternating treatment design vs. multielement designs

A

multiple treatment interference - so data show in the graph at a certain level may not reflect that actual level because of of multiple treatment interference since don’t know how it would be if it was implemented consistently.

unnatural nature of rapidly alternating treatments

limited capacity - only a few conditions can be compared usually 4 conditions can be compared effectively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What several threats to validity does alternating treatment/multielementnal design control for

A

maturation
sequence effect ( a condition run to several seasons influences the next condition)
attrition (loss of subjects)
data instability (variability obscures effects due to overlapping data points)

20
Q

What is a strength of alternative treatment design

A

show effect quickly because of it’s alternating treatment

low participant attrition rate

but participant much experience each intervention ins a semi random fashion

allows rapid comparison
minimizes irreversibity problems
minimize sequence effects
accomdates variability in data

21
Q

What is an alternative treatment design

A

an alternating treatment design is a multi-element design can compare treatments at the sane tune

imagine functional analysis

different data path for different conditions

22
Q

How can you determine that there is a functional relation based on a graph

A

when there is consistent separation between the to series

no overlapping or crossing if it is experimental control is compromised.

23
Q

How to tell a graph is an alternating treatment design vs.

A

alternating treatment design, intervention occurs at different times will have a staggered pattern,

but if it’s graphed daily it will it will line up varticially.

with simultaneous treatment the design will always line up vertically because the interventions are implemented at the same time

24
Q

What is alternating treatment (multielement, multiple schedules)

A

rapid alternation between two or more treatments

25
Q

what is simultaneous treatment (concurrent schedules)

A

two or more concurrently operating contingencies; in effect subject “chooses” thd intervention

26
Q

What is multiple baseline

A

staggered implementation of the intervention in a step-wise fashion across subjects, settings or behaviors

27
Q

what is withdrawal

A

alternation between baseline and a particular intervention

28
Q

multiple treatments/ multiple treatment design

A

a reversal design that evaluates the effects of two or more independent variables relative to each other or to baseline conditions

29
Q

when to use a changing criterion design

A

changing criteria is usually a rate

not the best for evaluating skill acquisition program.

not for comparing

not for behaviour that has little tolerance ( severe head banging)

30
Q

how to tell if the changing criterion has experimental control

A

several rapid changes in behaviour corresponding to criterion changes

different length of conditions

different size criterion changes

a phase contrary to the general trend

achievement of stability for each criterion

if criterion fall above the line for some criteria and blow the for other, experimental control is compromised

if there are large increases in the criterion and the behviour is able to meet it

31
Q

What is the procedure for implement a changing criterion design?

A

establish stable baseline behaviour

change values of an IV systematically in small steps

change criterion only after the behaviour has stabilized

the size of the criterion should be large enough to show practical effects but small enough to achieve the effect

32
Q

How to demonstrate a functional relationship in multiple baseline design

A

a behaviour change only with the onset of the intervention

a replication of behaviour change across at least two behaviours, persons or setting (but usually three or more)

staggered implementation of the intervention.

33
Q

What is the steps for using a multiple baseline design

A

behaviours should be of different response classes (independent)

stable responding to be achieved for all target behaviours before intervening

intervene on the most stable behavior first

use only one intervention

provide differences in the length of the multiple baselines

intervene on the next target when stable responding has occurred on the current target

34
Q

What is the multiple probe procedure

A

collect one to three probe measures for each step in the task

if the data remain low and stable for all three probes, implement the intervention for step one until criterion is attained

collect three probe measures for all three steps. Repeat #1 through #3 until criterion has been achieved on all steps and a final probe condition has been implemented

35
Q

What assessment strategy does the multiple pobe design employ

A

multiple baseline assessment strategy of the acquisition of behavioural performances.

it consists of an initial assessment of a learner’s performance prior to training

measuring the learner’s performance on every skill before training that skills

measuring the learner’s performance on every skill after mastery performance is achieve on each skill

36
Q

Are continuous probe necessary

A

unlikely that student is going to acquire a skill inthe absence of trianing

multiple probe decreasing only requires that probes be conducted periodically.

37
Q

An advantage of alternating treatment design over ABAB reversal design

A

can evaluate two or more interventions

each intervention serves as the control for the other so you can skip the baseline phase and start the intervention right away

38
Q

What is bootleg reinforcement

A

can be avoided by using reinforcers that are unavailable elsewhere

39
Q

What is a risk of multiple baseline design for self-injury

A

the extended baseline needed in a multiple baseline is a risk for self=injury

40
Q

When to use a BAB design

A

provides a reasonable means of determining experimental control without having to delay treatment because it begins with the intervention phase

So use when the target can cause injury to the client or others

when an intervention is in already in place

when time is limited

41
Q

What are comparative studies

A

focus on competing interventions:

innovative vs. established intervention
original vs. refined intervention
comparisons to understand interactions with contextual variables

does not compare two studies that are novel

42
Q

What is a parametric analysis

A

determines the effective range of values of an independent variable ( dosages)

43
Q

What are threats to internal validity for comparative analysis

A

vulnerable to same type of threats as other studies

(ex. multi-treatment interferences, non-reversibility of effects, incorrect attrition of the effect to only one treatment)

44
Q

What is a component analysis

A

helps determine which component is effect - it systematically withdraw components on at a time.

45
Q

what is a multiple treatments design?

A

multiple treatment design compares an intervention to a baseline condition or other interventions or combination of interventions.

only adjacent conditions could be compared

a minimum of two comparison of adjacent conditions is required to demonstrate experimental control

46
Q

how to increase internal/external validity of component analysis

A

each treatment condition should have a stable pattern of responding prior to introducing a new condition

external validity, the experimental effect should be prleicated with other pariticpants

BCBA-CERT (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions