Concepts and Principles & Measurement Flashcards
What can exhibit behavior
living organism ( single-celled or complex)
What are the classification of behaviour
Overt behavior/ covert behavior
operant vs. respondent
operant behaviour can then be classified into a response class.
What is response class?
behaviours that have different topography but have the same function
ex. greeting
From a behavior-analytic perspective what does the environment consists of
stimuli conditions or events that provide a context for behaviour
What is behaviour
behaviour is a class of responses sharing certain functions
behaviour happens when there is an interactive condition between an organism and its surrounding or its own body
measurable movements, sometimes covert/private behaviour but excludes states (happy/sad)
focus on the interaction with the environment
What is a response
A single instance of a behavior - we record response but target behaviour
What is a stimuli
stimuli is any condition event or change in the physical world
stimuli are events or conditions that effect the receptors cells of organism but does not always change/influence behaviour
define overt behaviour
organisms interaction with the environment characterized by displacement of time and space
leads to changes in environment
What does not constitute as a behaviour?
The effect of a stimulus on an organism unless there is movement is not a behaviour, states are not,
(falling down, an arm being raised by doctor lifting it)
what is stimulus class
Any group of stimuli sharing a predetermined set of common element in one of the following dimension, formally ( physical properties), temporally (antecedent or consequence, functionally
What are the three ways to describe stimulus class?
formally - physical properties
temporally - where the stimulus appear, before or after the target behaviour
functionally - does it serve the same function
For Stimulus Class - what are the two ways stimulus change can affect function
immediate - stimulus change effect the behaviour immediately usually short term
delayed - effect behaviour later but more lasting change
ex. downpour - escape is immediate but delay is bringing an umbrella next time.
Characteristics of respondent behaviour
under control of antecedent
cannot be shaped
acquire an operant function if it’s contacts reinforcing consequences
Describe characteristics of Respondent conditioning
(stimulus-stimulus pairing procedure)
- identifying an unconditioned stimulus that elicit an unconditioned response
- pairing a neutral stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus
- neutral stimulus must be absent when the unconditioned stimulus is absent
3.When paired, absence of the unconditioned stimulus and neutral stimulus leads to a conditioned response ( reflex) and conditioned stimulus.
Describe the process of respondent conditioning
(stimulus-stimulus pairing procedure) = respondent contingencies and are antecedent stimuli
NEUTRAL STIMULUS PAIRED WITH UNCONIDTIOEND STIMULUS
THEN NEUTRAL BECOME A CONDITIONED STIMULUS AND EVOKES A CONDITIONED RSPONSE
WHAT THE NEUTRAL STIMULUS IS PAIRED WITH DETERMINES THE RESPONSE IT WILL ELICIT
When is the stimulus presented for positive reinforcement
A stimulus is presented after a behaviour and increases the future probability of the behaviour
What do you do to negatively reinforce a behaviour
remove either by escape or avoidance to increase behaviour
What are the characteristics of reinforcement
increase in future probability of the behaviour
increases in behavior are due to consequences it produces
behavior must produce a consequence
What is operant conditioning
process and selective effects of consequence on behaviour
stimulus change that follows a response which alter it probability of the response in the future
In operant conditioning, stimulus control is a function of
antecedent and consequent events
How is operant behaviour defined
determined by its consequences therefore it how it functions by its effects on the environment
When is the stimulus removed in negative reinforcement?
it is removed after the behaviour
How can you tell if a reinforcer is still reinforcing?
examine the data to see if it increases the behaviour
Define Respondent Extinction
- repeatedly presenting a conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus
- conditioned stimulus no longer elicits the conditioned response