Behaviour Assessment

Question 1

How to determine whether a previously implemented intervention was carried out with fidelity

Answer 1

looks for IOA and procedural integrity
try to determine how staff were trained
Interview staff who worked with the client, if available

Question 2

What does record reviews contain

Answer 2

medical information
previous effectiveness of treatment
will not contain IOA and procedural integrity

Question 3

what is habillitation

Answer 3

habilitation - how well a person has achieved his potential of producing reinforcement for himself and others and minimizing punishment

Question 4

What do assessments that include the word description/ descriptive entail and examples?

Answer 4

assessment include direct observation of client
(records abc)

ABC descriptive analysis, ABC analysis, descriptive analysis, structured descriptive analysis, ABC recording, anecdotal ABC recording, ABC checklist, ABC narrative recording, ABC continuous recording, behavioral description, descriptive assessment, anecdotal observation, and narrative recording

Question 5

What are 10 factors that impacts the social significance of a target behaviour

Answer 5

be reinforced in the natural environment
be a requisite for other functional skills
increase access to environment for learning
increase natural and appropriate interactions of others with the clients
a pivotal behavioural cusps
be age appropriate
reduce problem behavior and increase adaptive replacement behaivour
be the real goal rather than indirectly related to the goal itself
be a real behaviour of interest and not just talk about the behavior

Question 6

What is ABC Narrative Recording

Answer 6

target behaviour is recorded any time it occurs along with any information about environmental events

open-ended observation procedure that allows for recording anything that happens before or after a behaviour

Question 7

What is Narrative recordings in behavioral assessment

Answer 7

A narrative recording in behavioural assessment are descriptive assessments which include ABC recording, anecdotal recording and descriptive analysis

Question 8

What are scatterplot used for

Answer 8

scatter plot captures the frequency of the target behaviour

typically divided into time blocks and each occurrence of the behavior is recorded in the appropriate block

data are recorded over very long periods of time, so recorded by someone who is typically present

especially helpful when behaviours occurs infrequently

Question 9

How do behavioural cusps and pivotal behaviours teach new skills

Answer 9

expose learners to environments and reinforcement contingencies different from those arranged when a behavior was directly taught

this leads to the eventual development of more new behaviours

learning to conduct a basic web search gives a person access to the massive collection of information on the internet.

Question 10

What to do when the goal of the behaviour program is not behaviour what do you do.

Answer 10

reinforce the end goal and not the behaviour itself. reinforce weightloss goal

Question 11

When should food reinforcement be used

Answer 11

should be used when it would be the most effective which for food would be, before meals.

Question 12

How to identfiy potential reinforcer naturally

Answer 12

use the premack principle, high probability behaviour can be used as reinforcement

Question 13

What are some advantages and disadvantages of paper and pencil instruments for assessing potential reinforcers

Answer 13

less valid the systematic manipulation
less time consuming

Question 14

reinforcer sampling

Answer 14

means providing the individual an opportunity to sample or try out an item. it is often the case that the item is made contingent to evaluate whether it will increase the behaviour

Question 15

What are some patterns on a scatterplot represent

Answer 15

random pattern - unpredictable

days = columns

time - horizonal

Question 16

What is a concurrent schedule reinforcer assessment

Answer 16

compares the relative reinforcing value of two stimuli by making the stimuli contingent on two behaviour and observing how an individual allocates responding between two options

multiple reinforcer are available at once and the learner may freely engage in whatever behaviour to obtain them

ex. two task of equal difficulty, make an m&m contingent on respondign to compleitign one task and make a skittle contingent upon the other task. the task completed the most will indicate the greatest value reinfrocer

Question 17

what is the multiple schedule reinforcement assessment

Answer 17

behaviour is reinforced on one schedule at a time, using the different stimuli in alternating time periods

two or more single schedules of reinforcement applied ot a single behaviour. For example presenting a stimulus in one schedule and one in a fixed time schedule

Question 18

What is a limitation of using a concurrent schedule arrangement

Answer 18

Underrepresent the efficacy of the less reinforcing item, due to a masking or overshadowing by the more reinforcing item.

that is the less reinforcing item may be an effective reinforcer when assessed alone

Question 19

how do you tell is a reinforcer is potent on a concurrent schedule reinforcer

Answer 19

A reinforcer assessment in which two different stimuli are presented contingent on different responses

in the same session different stimuli are delivered contingent on the occurrence of different behaviours according to the same schedule of reinforcement

the most potent reinforcer is associated with the behaivour with the highest response rate

Question 20

What are some reinforce asessments

Answer 20

multiple sitmuli reinforcer assessment
concurrent schedule reinfrocement assessment
progressive-ratio schedule reinforcer assessment

Question 21

what is a progressive-ratio reinforcement assessment

Answer 21

different stimuli are delivered contingent on a progressive, or increasing number of responses.

The most potent reinforcer is the one that produces the highest number of responses before reaching the breaking point

Question 22

What is the in-the-moment reinforcer analyses

Answer 22

instructor delivers a potential reinforcer following the correct response and measures the rate of response.

items are selected according to the instructor discretion.

instructor consiers factors such as the learner’s current affect, past interaction with the specific and similar items, how the learner has performed in the past with the item, as well as other anecdotal observation when selecting which item to deliever

Question 23

What are the variables that influence the efficacy of reinforcement

Answer 23

Timing - often reinforcement needs to be immediate

consistency - reinforcement is deleivered according to an established shcedule; not random

quality - a brownie is probably more reinforcing than cracker

quantity/duration - reinforce generously but do not satiate

variety - vary reinfocer to avoid satiation

establishing operation - event that alters effectivness of a reinforcer

Question 24

What are indications of automatic reinforcement function

Answer 24

absence of structure

Question 25

define the function of direct access

Answer 25

access to tangibles

Question 26

What is the general consequence of behaviour

Answer 26

behaviour can access to our escape from stimuli

Question 27

Examples of direct observation

Answer 27

ABC data collection and scatter plot data collection, lag sequential analysis

Question 28

What is an ecological assessment (aka ecobehavioural or eco-systemic assessment) is best characterized as

Answer 28

considers behavior/environment relationship in a very broad way.

recognizes the complex interrelationship between behaviour and environment and attempts to consider all relevant issues affecting the individual’s behaviour

include physiological condtions, physical asepcts of the environment, interaction with others, home environment and past reinforcement history.

Question 29

What are some indirect methods

Answer 29

rating scales (motivation assessment scale (MAS), motivation analysis rating scale, functional analysis screen tool (FAST), questions about behavioural function (QABF) and problem behaivour questionnaire (pbq))
interview

Question 30

What does Scatterplot record reveal that the ABC data does not

Answer 30

prevalence of behavior during segments of time

segments in which the behavior occurs more frequently can be analyzed more closely for functional variable operating during those time segments

Question 31

What would a comprehensive behavioural assessment identify?

Answer 31

behaviour to change
factors pertinent to the intervention - resources, assets, significant others, competing contingencies, maintenance and generalization factors and potential reinforcer and punisher

Question 32

What are advantages of a descriptive assessment include

Answer 32

conducted in the natural environment
can identify correlations that may reflect causal relationship
yield objective and quantifiable information
they provide information that can be used to conduct more refined behavioral assessments and treatments

Question 33

What are disadvantage of descriptive functional assessments

Answer 33

tend to indicate attention as a potential maintaining variable of problem behaviour due to its likelihood occur with the behaviour within the naturals setting

often fail to detect behaivour maintained by intermittently because it may not be followed by the reinforcer in the naturals environment

cannot indicate causal functional relation

Question 34

What can indirect assessment (anecdotal observation/ narrative recording ) contribute to

Answer 34

identify the target problem behaviour

some of the antecedents and consequences you should look for in direct observation but should not be relied on to determine behaviors function

suitable first step in the overall assessment process

Question 35

What does a scatterplot present

Answer 35

a graphical illustration of the times of day in which the behaviour is most likely to occur

Question 36

How are occurrences graphed in scatterplot

Answer 36

frequency
duration of interval
occurrences or non-occurrences
slash or fill-in

Question 37

What are ways that scatterplot can be set up

Answer 37

can have time of day, session, period, on one ordinate

and time, date is indicated along the other ordinate.

Question 38

What is conditional probability

Answer 38

is a calculation of the likelihood that the target behaviour will occur in the presence of a specific antecedent or consequence event

inaccurately suggest a functional relation between the behaivour and event

conditional probabilities tell us the likelihood that a specific consequence will occur given an instance of the target behaviour

Question 39

how to calculate conditional probability

Answer 39

divide the number of times the specific consequences followed the behaivour by the total frequency of the target behaviour

Question 40

what is a contingency space analysis

Answer 40

the likelihood of a specific antecedent or consequence event occuring with and without the behaivour

Question 41

What is the importance of antecedents

Answer 41

Important to analyzing the function of a target behaviour
do not necessarily control the behaviour
precede the behaviour

Question 42

What is an analog assessment

Answer 42

it is functional analysis where the arrangement of controllinf variables that occur in the natrual setting that are simulated in an analog session

Question 43

What is an advantage of a brief functional analysis

Answer 43

a hypothesis might be derived from an analysis of antecedents

it is well suited when there is little time

the avoidance of establishing significant reinforcement history for undesirable behaviour.

Question 44

using functional analysis methodology with low-frequency behaviour that are not easily evoked

Answer 44

for a functional analysis methodology to be successful, the target behaviour must be seen during the experimental conditions.

if it is difficult to evoke the target behaivour , an alternate method should be used.

Question 45

Why is using functional analysis methodology ethically questionable for dangerous behaviours

Answer 45

you are intentionally provoking him and could present unacceptable risks.

Question 46

What were the standard functional analysis condition in Iwata study

Answer 46

attention
escape from demand
play - control
alone - automatic reinforcement

the tangible conditions are frequently used in research on functional analysis and in applied settings

Question 47

What does a high rate of the target behaviour during the play condition of a functional analysis mean

Answer 47

The play condition includes attention and easy access to preferred tangible items which tend to remove the MO for automatically reinforced behaviour.

automatic reinforcement can also produce high rates of the target behaviour across all or most of the functional analysis conditions

Question 48

What are the strategies for improving ecological validity in a functional analysis

Answer 48

conduct the FA in the natural setting

Try to simulate the natural setting by:
- incorporating parents, peers, or caregviers from the natural setting into the FA
- include furniture and decor from the natural setting in the experimental setting

Question 49

When trying to test for automatic reinforcement

Answer 49

use long interval because it gives the participant nothing to do.

Question 50

When doing a FA for problem behaivour with more than one topography- what are the reccommendations

Answer 50

do an FA on each topography on its own as each topogrpahy may have a different function

Question 51

How to make sure that undifferentiated results in an FA is not due to partiicpant not being able to tell the conditions apart.

Answer 51

extend the alone condition - if the behaviour remain high you can be more reasonably assured that it is maintained by automatic reinfocement.

if it decreases during the alone period it suggest an extinction process, in which it seems likely that the behiavour was maintained by social variables and that a discrimination was not made between conditions