Expansion And Contraction Of The Empire (more Impact Of WW1) Flashcards
How did League of Nations mandates come about?
Post-war treaties in November 1918
Which two nations became mandates?
The colonies of the Ottoman Empire (fall of the Ottoman Empire at end of WW1) and Germany’s former colonies (stripped of their colonies in TOV)
What was the idea of ‘self-determination’, who supported it and who was it at odds with?
. Countries should be left to determine their own government
. Popular with US president Woodrow Wilson and part of TOV principles
. The idea was at odds with the imperial attitudes of global empires like Britain
When were the different mandates agreed to?
German mandates - TOV (1918)
Ottoman mandates - Treaty of Sèvres (1920) and Treaty of Lausanne (1923)
How were mandates supposed to be arranged: theory vs reality?
In theory: they were meant to help ‘less developed’ territories such as German and Turkish colonies in Africa to become independent nations (self-determination)
Reality: the main mandating powers were Britain and France, who had vast empires and just wanted imperial control and status.
Which treaty distributed the ottoman territories as mandates to specific allied powers?
Treaty of San Remo (1920)
What did the allied powers disagree over at the treaty of Versailles regarding mandates and why did they disagree?
Wilson, Britain and French governments refused Japan’s request to include a clause on racial equality in the League of Nation principles.
Disagreed because:
. Britain and France didn’t want to undermine the racial hierarchy that ran the empire
. Many southern states in USA implemented segregation
Clearly racial inequality was part of the stability of their power
How did the League of Nations rank the mandates?
Create categories of the mandate system, ranking the extent to how ‘developed’ different mandates were so that more assertive guidance could be given if more developing was needed
What were the 3 categories of the mandate system?
. ‘A’ - quite developed, independence possible in near future
. ‘B’ - needed much more guidance before complete independence
. ‘C’ - Independence not feasible
What was the League of Nations and what was its aim?
International organisation set up by the post-war treaties
. Aimed to prevent war by negotiating and settling international disputes to keep the peace in 1920s and 1930s
How was LON undermined and struggled to keep peace?
. USA refused to join
. Didn’t provide an international army
. Rise of Fascism and Nazism
Which mandates did Britain gain?
. Palestine
. Transjordan
. Iraq
. Parts of Cameroon and Togo
. Tanganyika
Which mandates did the Dominions acquire?
. Union of South Africa got South-West Africa
. Australia got German New Guinea
. New Zealand got Western Samoa
Which mandate did Britain share?
Nauru with the two pacific dominions
When did British empire reach its greatest extent?
Following the post-war treaties
- 13 million new subjects
Who were the mandates in each category?
. ‘A’ - Palestine and Mesopotamia (Iraq) to Britain. Syria and Lebanon to France
. ‘B’ - former German colony Tanganyika to Britain. Togoland and Cameroon split between Britain and France. Ruanda-Urundi to Belgium
. ‘C’ - New Guinea and Samoa to Britain with Australia and NZ. German islands in South Pacific to Japan. German SW Africa to Union of SA