exercise Flashcards
during exercise, why does the body need a great deal of energy?
for muscle contraction
what 3 things increase because of exercise?
heart rate, breathing rate and breathing volume
why does heart rate increase during exercise?
to pump oxygenated blood around blood
why does breathing rate and breathing volume increase during exercise?
to allow more oxygen in and carbon dioxide out
what happens when not enough oxygen can be supplied to muscles when we’re working hard?
anaerobic respiration
during anaerobic respiration, what is the oxidation of glucose is like?
during anaerobic respiration, oxidation of glucose is incomplete
what does anaerobic respiration cause, and what effect does this have on the muscles?
causes build up of lactic acid, which causes muscles to stop contracting efficiently
when the body has to remove lactic acid, it creates a condition called ____ ___?
when the body has to remove lactic acid, it creates a condition called oxygen debt
what is the definition of oxygen debt?
oxygen debt is the amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to deal with accumulated lactic acid
reacting with lactic acid and removing it from cells requires ____?
reacting with lactic acid and removing it from cells requires oxygen
how is lactic acid transported?
transported out of muscles by blood, then sent to liver and converted back to glucose
what is metabolism?
sum of all chemical reactions in the body
how do cells use energy transferred by respiration?
to make new molecules in a process which is controlled by enzymes
give examples of metabolic reactions?
breaking down excess protein into urea, glucose and nitrate ions into amino acids, glucose and fatty acids into lipids, glucose into starch,cellulose or glycogen
how are lipids formed through glucose and fatty acids?
1 molecule of glucose + 3 molecules of fatty acids
