EXCRETION

Question 1

excretion

Answer 1

the removal of metabolic waste products from the body(CO2, water, urea, uric acid,) to maintain homeostasis

Question 2

egestion

Answer 2

the act process of discharging undigested material(faeces) from an organism such as cellulose

Question 3

secretion

Answer 3

giving off of useful substances used to perform an important function elsewhere in the body (hormones, saliva, enzymes, digestive juices)

Question 4

metabolism

Answer 4

all the chemical processes that take place in the body

Question 5

anabolism

Answer 5

when compounds are produced0(protein synthesis

Question 6

catabolism

Answer 6

when compounds are broken down

Question 7

osmoregulation

Answer 7

regulation of the water concentration

Question 8

the main excretory organs

Answer 8

1. skin- excretes sweat(water, salt, urea)
2. lungs - excretes CO2 and water
3. kidneys- excretes urea, uric acid, ammonia and water

Question 9

function of urinary system

Answer 9

to maintain homeostasis by regulating the composition, volume and pressure of blood

Question 10

what does the urinary system consist of

Answer 10

two kidneys, two ureters, bladder, urethra

Question 11

where does the urinary system gets its blood supply

Answer 11

the renal artery and renal vein

Question 12

function of the renal artery

Answer 12

takes oxygenated blood to the kidney

Question 13

function of the renal vein

Answer 13

takes deoxygenated blood away from the kidney

Question 14

function of the ureters

Answer 14

they’re ducts that carry/transports urine from the kidney to the bladder to be stored

Question 15

function of the bladder

Answer 15

located in the pelvic cavity, it serves to store urine prior to urination

Question 16

function of the urethra

Answer 16

a tube leading from the bladder to the exterior through which urine is discharged

Question 17

function of the kidneys

Answer 17

1. regulates the amount of water in the blood through osmoregulation
2. regulates the amount of salt in the blood
3. regulates blood pH
4. excretes metabolic waste products

Question 18

functions of the adrenal gland

Answer 18

thing located on top of the kidney and functions to secretes hormones

Question 19

function of adipse tissue

Answer 19

fat layer that protects kidney

Question 20

function of medulla

Answer 20

contains part of nephron mainly the loop of henle

Question 21

function of pyramids

Answer 21

groups of collecting ducts which caries urine to calyxes

Question 22

function of nephron

Answer 22

functional unit of the kidney and consists of the renal corpuscle(malpighian body)and the renal tubule where filtered fluid passes

Question 23

function of calyx

Answer 23

collect urine from collecting ducts and drains it to pelvis

Question 24

function of cortex

Answer 24

contains part of nephron mainly the bowman’s capsule and distal/proximal convoluted tubules

Question 25

function of pelvis

Answer 25

area where urine collects

Question 26

function of renal capsule

Answer 26

protects againts mechanical injury

Question 27

what does the renal corpuscle consist of

Answer 27

the glomerus and bowmans capsule

Question 28

what is the glomerulus

Answer 28

a network of capillaries surrounded by bowmans capsule

Question 29

what is bowmans capsule

Answer 29

a double walled cup tha surrounds the glomerulus, the outer wall wall consists of squamous epithelial cells and the inner wall consists of modified cells called pdocytes

Question 30

function of podocytes and epithelium cells

Answer 30

they form a slit filtration membrane which acts as an ultra filter

Question 31

capsular space

Answer 31

the space between the outer and inner wall of bowman’s capsule

Question 32

what does the renal tibule constist of

Answer 32

1. proximal convoluted tubule
2. loop of henle
3. distal convoluted tubule

Question 33

function of the renal tubule and ducts

Answer 33

fluid from the capsular space passes into the renal tubules then the DCT of the nephrons empty into a single collecting duct. the collecting ducts then unite to form papillary ducts which drain into calyces and then into the pelvis then from the pelvis the urine passes into the ureter which conveys it to the bladder

Question 34

blood supply of the nephron

Answer 34

the renal artery(aorta) enters the kidneys and branches into arterioles. the afferent arteriole blood vessel divides to form glomerular capillaries which reunite to form efferent arteriole blood vessel which divides to form a networknof capillaries around the tubules which eventually reunite to form the renal vein(inferior vena cava)

Question 35

what does blood in the glomerulus contain

Answer 35

1. useful substances (water, ions, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, fatty acids and glycerol)
2. waste substances (urea, uric acid ad creatinine)
3. normal blood constituents(blood plasma, WBC, RBC)

Question 36

functions of the nephron

Answer 36

1. ultra/glomerular filtration(malpighian body)
2. tubular reabsorption(PCT)
3. sodium pump(loop of henle)
4. homeostasis(DCT)