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LIFE SCIENCES > BIODIVERSITY AND CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS > Flashcards

BIODIVERSITY AND CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 5 kingdoms that living organisms divide into

A
  1. monera
  2. protista
  3. fungi
  4. plantae
  5. anamalia
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2
Q

characteristics of the kingdom anamalia

A
  1. eukaryotic organisms
  2. multi-cellular
  3. are heterotrophic
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3
Q

characteristics of the kingdom protista

A
  1. eukaryotic organism

2. exclude animals, plants and fungi

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4
Q

characteristics of the kingdom monera

A
  1. unicellular

2. non-membrane bound organelles

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5
Q

characteristics of the kingdom plantae

A
  1. eukaryotic organisms
  2. multicellular
  3. autotrophic
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6
Q

characteristics of the kingdom fungi

A
  1. eukaryotic organism
  2. multicellular
  3. heterorophic and do not photosynthesize
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7
Q

what makes an organism living

A

(7 life processes)

  1. respiration
  2. nutrition
  3. movement
  4. excretion
  5. reproduction
  6. growth
  7. sensitivity
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8
Q

what are viruses

A

acellular and ultramicroscopic organisms, because they do not have a nucleus,cytoplasm or organelles.

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9
Q

what do viruses need to reproduce and what does that make them

A

they need a host to reproduce which makes them endoparasites

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10
Q

host specific

A

viruses are host specific meaning they only attack certain hosts, but they can jump from one host to another

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11
Q

tissue specific

A

viruses are tissue specific, meaning they attack specific tissues in the body

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12
Q

why are viruses pathogenic

A

because they cause diseases in host organisms

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13
Q

do antibiotics work against viruses

A

no, they are ineffective against viruses

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14
Q

name 2 ways in which viruses replicate

A
  1. the lytic cycle

2. the lysogenic cycle

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15
Q

explain what occurs during the lytic cycle

A

the virus enters a cell and replicate and then make the cell burst, releasing new viruses

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16
Q

explain what occurs during lysogenic cycle

A

viruses enter a long-term relationship with their host cells then their nucleid acid replicates at the same time as the host cells multiply

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17
Q

function of protein coat

A

it encloses the nucleic acid

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18
Q

what is the capsid made up of

A

protein subunits called capsomeres

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19
Q

what is inside the capsid

A
  1. it contains the nucleic acid(DNA/RNA)

2. contains an envelop which is not present in all viruses

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20
Q

what is the function of the envelope inside the virus

A

it protects a virus from physical, chemical and enzymatic damage

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21
Q

what nucleic acid do viruses infect in plants

A

RNA

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22
Q

what nucleic acid do viruses attack in animals

A

RNA and DNA

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23
Q

what nucleic acid do viruses attack in bacteria

A

DNA and is called a bacteriophage

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24
Q

economic and environmental importance of viruses

A
  1. viruses cause diseases which may kill the host, this way viruses control the population numbers of host species(natural selection)
  2. viruses can be reprogrammed with a healthy gene from humans which can compensate for genes in people with medical disorders
  3. can be used for vaccines
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25
Q

what is bacteria

A

unicellular, prokaryotic organisms which are pathogenic and most are heterotrophic

26
Q

functions of the ribosomes

A

function for protein synthesis

27
Q

function of the flagellum/cillium

A

used for movement(flagella are longer hair like structures and cilia are shorter bristles)

28
Q

function of the slime capsule

A

protects against harmful chemicals

29
Q

function of the cell membrane

A

controls the movement of substances into and out of an organism

30
Q

function of the cell wall

A

protects cell and consists of chitine

31
Q

function of nucleiod region

A

chromatin connsisting of DNA containing genetic material

32
Q

function of cytosol

A

water base liquid and dissolved particles

33
Q

function of plasmid

A

circular, double stranded DNA containing genes which provide bacteria with a genetic advantage, such as antibiotic resistance

34
Q

how do bacteria reproduce

A

asexually which is known as binary fission and during this process the bacteria copy their DNA and split in two by means of cytokinesis to form 2 identical daughter cells and bacteria exchange DNA through a process called conjugation for genetic variation

35
Q

economic importance of bacteria

A
  1. oil spill clean ups, where bacteria are genetically modified to digest oil
  2. production of chemicals like ethanol and acetone
  3. production of foods and drinks like yogurt and wine by means of fermentation
  4. obtaining precious metals from rock like copper and gold
  5. production of hormones through recombinant dna
36
Q

what are protozoans

A

eukaryotic and unicellular(some unicellular protists are colonials)organisms and have pseudopodia and are considered to be aquatic organism which reproduces asexually

37
Q

the three sub-groups that protista can be divided into

A
  1. protozoa(unicellularhterotrophic, animal-like organism)
  2. algae(plant-like protists that are autotrophic)
  3. slime molds(fungus-like protista that are heterotrophic decomposers)
38
Q

what is a pseudopodia

A

a temporary protrusion of the surface of an amoeboidal cell for mvement and feeding

39
Q

assists in locomotion and fedding of the protozoans

A

the cilia or flagella

40
Q

function of lyosomes

A

vesicle with digestive enzymes

41
Q

function of contractile vacuole

A

responsible for osmoregulation

42
Q

whats the endoplasm

A

inner granular liquid medium

43
Q

whats the ectoplasm

A

outer clear gel-like medium

44
Q

function of pseudopod

A

used for locomotion and engulf prey through phagocytosis

45
Q

function of food vacuole

A

it fuses with lyosomes to digest food

46
Q

environmental and economic importance of bacteria

A
  1. slime molds are saprophytic and acts as important decomposers
  2. some protista are parasitic which causes diseases like malaria
  3. some contain silica in cell walls which is used by humans to produce glass
47
Q

what causes malaria

A

the plasmodium parasite

48
Q

acts as a vector/carrier of the plasmodium parasite

A

females anopheles mosquito

49
Q

4 symptoms of malaria

A
  1. fever
  2. chills
  3. headache
  4. nausea and vomitting
50
Q

how can malaria be treated

A

with prescribed medicine like doxycycline

51
Q

4 ways in which you can prevent getting malaria

A
  1. apply mosquito repellent
  2. sleep under mosquito net
  3. install insect screens
  4. take anti malaria mediction when entering a high malaria area
52
Q

what is fungi

A

eukaryotic organisms which are heterotrophic(or saprophytic and parasitic)

53
Q

examples of fungi

A
  1. mushrooms
  2. bread mold
  3. penicillin
  4. rusts
54
Q

function of sporangium

A

structure producing spores

55
Q

function of rhizoids

A

a short, thin filament that anchors the growing body of the organism

56
Q

function of stolon

A

are horizontal extensions that produce new individuals by buddimg

57
Q

function of hyphae

A

is a vegetative filament

58
Q

function of mycelium

A

is the plant body

59
Q

function of spores

A

the asexual reproduction cell

60
Q

function of columella

A

the crosswall that seperates the sporangiophore from sporangia

LIFE SCIENCES (11 decks)

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