ANIMAL DIVERSITY

Question 1

biodiversity

Answer 1

refers to the variety of life on earth

Question 2

how are animals sorted

Answer 2

animals are sorted according to their simillarities and differences

Question 3

kingdom that animals belong and whats it divided into

Answer 3

kingdom anamalia where its divided into phyla which is based on the differences in their basic body plan

Question 4

a phylogenetic tree

Answer 4

a diagram showing the evolutionary relationships between ancestral groups or organisms and their descendants

Question 5

body plan

Answer 5

a structural characteristics of an organism that seperates it from other organisms or groups of organisms

Question 6

important feautures of body plans

Answer 6

1. symmetry
2. cephalisation
3. embryonic tissue layers
4. development of a coelom
5. number of gut openings
   6 blood systems

Question 7

3 types of body symmetry

Answer 7

1. asymmetrical
2. radial symmetry
3. bilateral symmetry

Question 8

characteristics of asymmetrical symmetry

Answer 8

there is no symmetry and the organism is most likely unicellular, has no pattern and cant be divided in halves

Question 9

characteristics of radial symmetry

Answer 9

1. body plan can be cut to get = halves
2. can get food in any direction and sensory receptors are evenly distributed around the body
3. usually sessile or can move around a little

Question 10

example of an organism with radial symmetry

Answer 10

jelly-fish

Question 11

characteristics of bilateral symmetry

Answer 11

1. body plan can be divided into 2 = hallves in only 1 plane

2. is usually active and constantly moves around to search for food, to mate and interact with the environment

Question 12

example of an organism with bilateral symmetry

Answer 12

humans

Question 13

cephalisation

Answer 13

when most of the sense organs, feeding appendages and the brain are near the anterior part of the body

Question 14

function of cephalisation in organisms

Answer 14

one side of the brain is a concentration of nerves and tissue and functions to receive and interprate stimuli

Question 15

what are the first tissue layers formed in the embryo called

Answer 15

germ layers(which differentiate into different organs)

Question 16

what does the primary germ consists of

Answer 16

1. the ectoderm(outer layer)

2. the endoderm(inner layer)

Question 17

what does the ectoderm develop into

Answer 17

develops into skin or epethilium and the nervous system of the animal

Question 18

what does the endoderm form

Answer 18

the digestive system

Question 19

what are animals that have these 2 layers called

Answer 19

diploblastic animals

Question 20

what does the secondary germ consists of

Answer 20

the mesoderm, which develops between the endoderm and ectoderm

Question 21

what does the mesoderm develop into

Answer 21

it develops into connective tissue, bone, blood, reproductive organs, cartilage blood and lymphatic systems

Question 22

what a animals that have three tissue layers called

Answer 22

triploblastic animals

Question 23

what is a coelom

Answer 23

a fluid filled body cavity that develops in the mesoderm tissue layer in more advanced animals

Question 24

what are animals without coeloms called

Answer 24

acoelomate

Question 25

what do coelomate animals have

Answer 25

they have a body cavity or coelom in their mesodermal tissue layer

Question 26

advantage of coelom

Answer 26

1. allows complex organs to develop
2. coelom fluid helps transports nutrients and waste in the body
3. allows the creation of a hydrostatic force to be generated for movement in soft-bodied animals

Question 27

disadvantages of coelom

Answer 27

there is insufficient transport of;

1. gases from and to the body wall
2. nutrients from digestive system to body wall
3. nitrogenous waste from internal organs to excretory organs and therefore needs a circulatory system

Question 28

how do animals with a blood gut consume food

Answer 28

through the opening(mouth) and excrete waste through the same opening

Question 29

disadvantages of a blind gut

Answer 29

1. it limits the amount of food that these animals can consume
2. digestin is not specialised
3. they must excrete the waste from their digestive system before they can consume more food

Question 30

how do animals with a through gut opening consume and excrete food

Answer 30

animals with two openings to the gut consume food thrugh a mouth opening and excrete waste through another opening called the anus

Question 31

advantages of a through gut

Answer 31

1. food can be consumed continiously because it moves through the digestive system
2. digested and undigested food do not mix
3. sections of the digestive system can also specialise to improve the efficiency of the digestive process

Question 32

circulation system

Answer 32

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