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infection > exanthemata > Flashcards

exanthemata Flashcards

1
Q

the 6 classical exanthemata diseases

A
  1. measles
  2. scarlet fever
  3. rubella-german measles
  4. fourth diesease aka nothing
  5. parvovirus B19=slapped cheek disease
  6. Roseola infantum=exanthemata subitum
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2
Q

what causes measles

A

mobilivirus

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3
Q

what causes scarlet fever

A

group a beta haemolytic strep pyogenes

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4
Q

what causes rubella

A

rubivirius

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5
Q

what causes roseola infanatum

A

human herpes virus 6

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6
Q

what is a macule rash

A

can be seen but not felt

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7
Q

what is a papule lesion

A

can be felt and seen

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8
Q

what is a maculapapular rash

A

mix of macule and papule so can feel some bits

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9
Q

how is exanthemata dx

A

serology IgM for all
molecular
-PCR for measles

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10
Q

measles transmission

A
  • droplet spread by respiratory route
  • conjunctival contaminaion
    v. contaigous
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11
Q

symptoms and timeline of measles

A

-incubation 7-18 days
-10days to prodrome
-prodrome for 4 days
-at 14 days get a rash
(aka appears on day 4)

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12
Q

clinical features of measles

A

-prodrome 2-4 days
-day 4 must have fever and BLANCHING maculopapular rash
plus on of 3 c’s
-coryza
-conjunctivits
-cough
also
-koplik spot 2 days before rash

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13
Q

what is the rash in meaasles

A
  • blanching maculopapular rash
  • starts behind the ears
  • fades leaving capillary staining
  • fine desquamation
  • soles and palms spared
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14
Q

measles severe manifestation

A
  • pulmonary invovlement- severe chest infection 90% of cases, bronchiolitis and giant cell pneumonia
  • encephalitis
  • modified and atypical forms in immunocompromised
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15
Q

x-ray of pulmonary measles

A

hyperinflation and diffuse fluffy infiltrates

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16
Q

when is MMR vaccine given

A

2 doses 12 months and 3-5 years

17
Q

severity of rubella

A

mild illness with few severe manifestations

18
Q

clinical features of rubella

A
  • rash and illness on same day usually week incubation
  • fever
  • lymphadenopathy post ear
19
Q

how long does rash last for rubella

A

3 days without staining

20
Q

what are the complications of rubella

A
  • reactive arthritis in adults
  • congenital rubella syndrome
  • thrombocytopaenia
  • guillain barre
  • encephalitis
21
Q

what is congenital rubella syndrome and when is the risk greatest

A

if the foetus is exposed to rubella

<10 weeks 90% risk

22
Q

transient features of CRS in foetus

A 
hepatitis
jaundice
rash
thrombocytopaenia
anaemia
lymphadenopathy
23
Q

permanent features of CRS in the foetus

A

classic triad

  • patent ductus arteriosus
  • cataracts
  • senorineural deafness

also neuro eg micropcephaly

24
Q

developmental features of CRS potenitally

A
  • increased risk of insulin dependent diabetes
  • thyroid disease
  • progressive hearing or visual loss
25
Q

prevents of CRS

A

Immunisation before pregnancy

26
Q

what does parvovirus cause in adults

A

arthropathy in adults-reactive arthritis

27
Q

clinical features of parvovirus in children

A
  • fever then rash

- slapped cheek rash then 1-2 days later get a generalised rash

28
Q

complications of parvovirus

A
  • infects red cell precursors
  • aplastic crisis in patients with pre-existing haemolytic anaemia eg sickkle cell
  • chronic infection in immunocompromised
29
Q

what does parvovirus do to foetus

A

-foetal anaemia-hydrops fetalis in 5% maternal infection

30
Q

how does roseola infantum present

A

-high fever for 4-5 days
-when fever falls get a rash
-scattered maculopapular rash
on chest, back and limbs
spares feet and hands

31
Q

scarlet fever type of toxin

A

erythrogenic toxin

32
Q

clinical onset of scarlet fever

A
  • rash appears 1-2 days after onset of a sore throat

- assoc. to pharyngeal infection

33
Q

what type of rash is scarlet fever

A
  • face-circumoral sparing
  • blanching rash
  • elevates around hair follicles-sandpaper
  • capillary haemorrhage in skin folds Pastia’s lines
  • strawberry tongue
  • desquammation
34
Q

immune complications of scarlet fever

A

-rheumatic fever
-post strep glomeruloneprhitis
but now rare

35
Q

what is rheumatic fever

A

-multi system autoimmune disorder occurring 3 weeks after pharyngeal infection

36
Q

features of rheum fever

A 
pancarditis
arthritis
chorea-prepubertal
subcutaneous -nodules
erythema marginatum
37
Q

long term complication of rheumatic fever

A

damage to heart valves cause rheumatic heart disease at risk of endocarditis

38
Q

strep pyogenes clinical features

A
  • ssti eg erysipelas, cellulitis
  • strep throat
  • if makes erythrogenic toxin get scarlet fever
39
Q

treatment of strep pyogenes

A

antibiotics means rarely develop scarlet fever anymore

infection (15 decks)

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