antimicrobials Flashcards
1
Q
what does penicillin cover
A
strep pyogenes
n.meningitdis
2
Q
what does flucloxacillin cover
A
MSSA
3
Q
what does amoxicillin cover
A
h.influenzae
strep pnumoniae
enterococcus
4
Q
what does co-amoxiclav cover
A
all of amoxicillin plus
s.aureus
gram positive coci anaerobe
some gram negatives
5
Q
what does tazocin cover
A
strep
enterococcus faecalis
gram negatives
pseudomonas aeruginosa
6
Q
what does temocillin cover
A
ESBL
7
Q
what does cefazolin cover
A
gram positives inc. s aureus and strep
8
Q
what does cefuroxime cover
A
gram positives
some gram negatives
9
Q
what does ceftriaxone cover
A
meningococci
gram negative and positive
10
Q
carbapenem coverage
A
broadest spec of bl
-gram positives and gram negatives
11
Q
what works against carbapenems
A
cpe cabapenemase produces enterobacteriacea
12
Q
what is gentamicin for
A
gram negative cover
but also s.aureus
and enterococci
13
Q
what are glycopeptides for
A
MRSA
14
Q
what is ciprofloxacin for
A
- gram negatives and
- atypical pneumonia
- TB
- some s.aureus
15
Q
what is clarithromycin for 5
A
gram positives and
atypical organisms and
mycobacteria avium intracellulare
h.pylori and lyme disease
16
Q
what is clindamycin for4
A
gram positives
anaerobes
pneumocytis jiroveci
malaria
17
Q
what is tetracycline for 3
A
chlaymdia trachomatis and psittaci and pneum
mycoplasma pneumoniae
18
Q
what is doxycycline for
A
-used for RTI
h.influenzae
s.aureus-mild mrsa
m.catarrhalis
E.coli
klebsiella pneumonia
19
Q
what is tigecycline for
A
MRSA VRE
20
Q
what is trimethoprim for
A
gram positives and gram negatives
-uti’s
21
Q
what is metronidazole for
A
anaerobes and parasites
22
Q
what is linezolid for
A
gram positive MRSA and VRE
23
Q
what is daptomycin for
A
gram positive s.aureus and VRE
24
Q
adverse for penicillin
A
- allergy
- cholestasis: co-amoxiclav
- hepatitis: flucoxacillin
- interstitial nephritis
- antibiotic assoc. diarrhoea
25
antibiotics of choice more or less in pregnancy
penicillins
26
gentamicin adverse
nephrotoxic
ototoxic
worsens myasthenia gravis
27
vancomycin adverse
nephrotoxic
ototoxic
red man syndrome
28
quinolones adverse
- diarrhoea, n&v
- reduced seizure threshold so ci epilepsy
- tendon rupture in children and arthropathy
- qt prolongation
29
macrolides adverse
- gi upset
- hepatotoxicity
- rash
- qt prolongation
- thrombophlebitis
- increased risk myositis with statins
30
lincosamide adverse
```
diarrhoea
rash
hepatotoxicity
leucopenia
thrombocytopenia
risk c.diff infection
```
31
tetracycline adverse
- N&v
- oesophageal irritation
- photosensitivity in lupus
- deposited in growing bones and teeth avoid <12
- hepatotoxic
- renal impair
32
trimethoprim adverse
- steven Johnson syndrome
- n&v
- suppression of haematopoiesis
- increase serum creatinine-but false kidney failure as just reduces secretion
- teratogenic 1st semester of pregnancy
- avoid with other folate drugs
33
antibiotics that are harmful in pregnancy and why
- trimethoprim 1st trimester anti folate-spina bifida
- nitrofurantoin: at term haemolysis
- quinolones: arthropathy
- gentamicin: ototoxic to foetus
- piperacillin
34
metronidazole adverse
-metallic tast
-N&V
-peripheral neuropathy
-disulfarim like reaction with alcohol
headache and dizzy
-cerebellular toxicity
35
linezolid adverse
bone marrow suppression
| optic neuropathy
36
daptomycin adverse
myositis
| rhabomyolysis
37
hep b treatment
interferon alpha and tenofovir injections
38
hep c treatment
```
interferon and ribavirin
daa's
simepravir=protease
daclatasvir= ns5a
sofobuvir-ns5b
```
39
hiv treatment
retroantiviral drugs eg ziovudine
| triple therapy
40
influenza treatment remember route
neuraminidase inhibitors
- oseltamivir oral
- zanamivir inhalation
41
herpes virus treatment
aciclovir: dna polyermase inhibitor oral
ganciclovir: nucleoside analogue
42
endocarditis treatment
beta lactam +/- aminoglycoside
43
proven MSSA treatment
flucoxacillin oral-iv depend on severity
44
proven MRSA treatment
vancomycin IV as can only be used oral for gut infections
45
meningitis bacterial treatment 3
ceftriaxone IV
dexamethasone IV
and if >50, pregnant or immunocompromised or on steroids also amoxicillin IV
46
viral encephalitis treatment
aciclovir IV
47
cerebral abscess treatment
ceftriaxone IV
| and metronidazole oral
48
prophylactic orthopaedics treatment
| and post op wound infection
co-amoxiclav or clindamycin
oral for prophylaxis
mild=flucox oral or clarithro oral
pen allergy=vancomycin
severe=co-amoxcilav iv
pen allergy= ceftriaxone IV and metronidazole oral
49
osteomyelitis treatmet
flucox or vanomycin
| iv
50
neutropaenia treament
beta lactam and aminoglycoside
51
pseudomonas infection treatment
piperacillin or ciprofloxacin
52
esbl treatment
temocillin
53
cellulitis treatment
```
mild infection
flucoxacillin oral or
pen allergy =
doxycycline oral or
clarithromycin oral
```
for severe switch to IV and same as mild for pen allergy
54
necrotising fasciitis treatment 5
| fine bears can gather much
```
flucoxacillin
benzylpenicillin
clarithromycin
gentamicin
metronidazole
IV all
```
55
CAP penicillin allergy treatment for CURB2
doxycycline or clarithromycin oral
56
CAP penicillin allergy treatment for CURB 3-5
ciprofloxacin oral
| and vancomycin iv
57
CAP 0-1 treatment
amoxicillin oral
| or doxycycline oral
58
CAP 2 treatment
amoxicillin iv and clarithromycin oral
59
CAP 3-5 treatment
co-amoxiclav IV and clarithromycin iv
60
CURB65 meaning
```
confused <8
urea >7
rr >30
blood p <90 or <60 diastolic
>65
```
61
severity marker for HAP
```
temp <36 or >38
hr >90
rr>20
wcc <4 or >12
organ dysfunction
```
62
HAP treatment if early onset in hospital <5 days
treat as CAP because means come from community
63
HAP treatment if >5 days and severity marker of 0-1
doxycycline for 5 days oral
64
HAP treatment if >5 days 2 and greater severity
amoxicillin IV and gentamicin IV
65
penicillin allergy for HAP
vancomycin IV and gentamicin IV
66
HAP for mrsa
vancomycin IV and gentamicin IV
67
risk of giving both vancomycin and gentamicin
both can cause renal damage
68
aspiration pneumonia treatment
amoxicillin IV and metronidazole oral
69
aspiration pneumonia with allergy
doxycycline oral
or
co-trimoxazole oral and metronidazole oral
70
type of bacteria that cause hap, cap and aspirate
aspirate: aerobes and anaerobes
hap: gram positive and negatives
cap: typicals and atypicals
71
asplenic prophylactic treatment
lifelong phx penicillin
72
c.diff treatment
- metronidazole oral if no severity markers
- vancomycin oral if one severity marker
- 1st relapse fidaxomicin
73
triple therapy for abdo infections and for pen allergy
amoxicillin iv (switch to vancomycin if pen allergy)
gentamicin
metronidazole oral
74
spontaneous bacterial peritonitis treatment
amoxicillin iv
temocillin
metronidazole oral
75
h.pylori treatment
omeprazole oral
amoxicillin oral
clarithromycin or metronidazole oral
76
uti treatment for cystitis
| and for pyelonephritis and route
cystitis
trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin for 3 days women and 7 days men both oral
pyelonephritis
-gentamicin iv and amoxicillin IV
77
antibiotics that cover atypical organisms
clarithromycin
| ciprofloxacin
78
antibiotics that cover gram negatives 6
```
tazocin
ceftriaxone
carbapenems-but only used in severe infections
quinolones-ciprofloxacin
amingolycosides-gentamicin
trimethoprim for UTI
```
79
antibiotics that cover MRSA
vancomycin
tigecycline or doxycyline only for mild mrsa
trimethoprim
80
antibiotics for COPD exacerbations
doxycyline oral
81
antibiotics for chlamydia
tetracycline
82
antibiotic for VRE
tigecycline
83
gastroenteritis in children treatment
none unless sensitivity comes back
84
gastroenteritis caused by ameobiasis treatment
metronidazole oral
85
gastroenteritis caused by campylobacter treatment
erythromycin oral
86
giardiasis gastroenteritis treatment
metronidazole or
| albenazole oral
87
treatment of legionella pneumonia
needs antibiotics that have intracellular activities including levofloxacin or clarithromycin
88
specific treatment of H.influenzae pneumonia
depends if beta lactamase producer or not co-amoxiclav
89
p.aeruginosa pneumonia treatment
ciprofloxacin or piperacillin
90
enteric fever treatment-salmonella
ceftriaxone
91
treatment of rickettsial
doxycycline
92
pneumocystis jiroveci treatment
co-trimoxazole IV
