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infection > antifungals and antivirals, antiparasites > Flashcards

antifungals and antivirals, antiparasites Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of antifungals

A
  • triazoles
  • echinocandins
  • polyenes
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2
Q

types of triazoles

A

fluconazole

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3
Q

types of echinocandins

A

caspofungin

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4
Q

types of polyenes2

A

amphotericin and nystatin

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5
Q

how do triazoles work

A

inhibit ergosterol synthesis

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6
Q

how do echinocandins work

A

block beta glucan synthesis

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7
Q

how do polyenes work

A

bind ergosterol in membrane to increase permeability

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8
Q

who is at risk of oral candidiasis (thrush)

A
  • steroid inhalers
  • antimicrobial therapy
  • immunocompromised
  • immunocompetent: nyastatin suppression
  • immunocompromised: oral fluconazole
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9
Q

who is at risk of candidaemia

A
  • central lines
  • meningitis
  • infective endocarditis
  • intra-abdominal
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10
Q

what does the fungus cryptococcus cause

A

pulmonary and meningitis in immunocompromised

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11
Q

treatment for cryptococcus meningitis

A

-amphotericin

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12
Q

treatment of fungal pulmonary consolidation

A

fluconazole

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13
Q

what is ABPA

A

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

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14
Q

treatment of aspergillosis

A

amphotericin
voriconazole
caspofungin

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15
Q

what antivirals are used for influenza

A
  • oseltamivir

- zanamivir

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16
Q

what antirvirals are used for HSV

A

aciclovir

ganciclovir

17
Q

how are oseltamivir and zanamivir take

A

osteltamivir=oral

zanamivir=inahled

18
Q

how do oseltamivir and zana work

A

neuraminidase inhibitors

19
Q

oseltamivir which influenza strain is resistant

A

H1N1 influenza a strain

20
Q

how is oseltamivir metabolised and excreted

A

hepatic metabolism

renal excretion

21
Q

zanamivir side effect

A

bronchospasm

22
Q

how does aciclovir work

A

activated via phosphorylation by viral thymidine kinase which can then inhibit viral DNA polymerase

23
Q

uses of aciclovir

A
  • orolabial hsv infection
  • genital HSV infection
  • HSV encephalitis
  • shingles (VZV)
24
Q

adverse of aciclovir

A

neurotoxic

nephrotoxic

25
Q

how does ganciclovir work

A

nucleoside analogue

-phosphorylated by CMV kinase and then inhibits viral DNA elongation

26
Q

route for ganciclovir

A

iv or oral as valganciclovir

27
Q

adverse effects of ganciclovir

A

myelosuppression
headache, confusion, seizures
nephrotoxic
hepatotoxic

28
Q

treatment of falciparum malaria

A

artesunate

quinine

29
Q

treatment of non-falciparum malaria

A

chloroquine

primarquine

30
Q

treatment schistosomiasis

A

steroids and then praziquantel

31
Q

amoebic liver abscess treatmnet

A

metronidazole

32
Q

tb treamtnet

A 
RIPE
rifampicin
isoniazid
pyrazinamide
ethambutol

infection (15 decks)

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