antifungals and antivirals, antiparasites Flashcards
3 types of antifungals
- triazoles
- echinocandins
- polyenes
types of triazoles
fluconazole
types of echinocandins
caspofungin
types of polyenes2
amphotericin and nystatin
how do triazoles work
inhibit ergosterol synthesis
how do echinocandins work
block beta glucan synthesis
how do polyenes work
bind ergosterol in membrane to increase permeability
who is at risk of oral candidiasis (thrush)
- steroid inhalers
- antimicrobial therapy
- immunocompromised
- immunocompetent: nyastatin suppression
- immunocompromised: oral fluconazole
who is at risk of candidaemia
- central lines
- meningitis
- infective endocarditis
- intra-abdominal
what does the fungus cryptococcus cause
pulmonary and meningitis in immunocompromised
treatment for cryptococcus meningitis
-amphotericin
treatment of fungal pulmonary consolidation
fluconazole
what is ABPA
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
treatment of aspergillosis
amphotericin
voriconazole
caspofungin
what antivirals are used for influenza
- oseltamivir
- zanamivir
what antirvirals are used for HSV
aciclovir
ganciclovir
how are oseltamivir and zanamivir take
osteltamivir=oral
zanamivir=inahled
how do oseltamivir and zana work
neuraminidase inhibitors
oseltamivir which influenza strain is resistant
H1N1 influenza a strain
how is oseltamivir metabolised and excreted
hepatic metabolism
renal excretion
zanamivir side effect
bronchospasm
how does aciclovir work
activated via phosphorylation by viral thymidine kinase which can then inhibit viral DNA polymerase
uses of aciclovir
- orolabial hsv infection
- genital HSV infection
- HSV encephalitis
- shingles (VZV)
adverse of aciclovir
neurotoxic
nephrotoxic
how does ganciclovir work
nucleoside analogue
-phosphorylated by CMV kinase and then inhibits viral DNA elongation
route for ganciclovir
iv or oral as valganciclovir
adverse effects of ganciclovir
myelosuppression
headache, confusion, seizures
nephrotoxic
hepatotoxic
treatment of falciparum malaria
artesunate
quinine
treatment of non-falciparum malaria
chloroquine
primarquine
treatment schistosomiasis
steroids and then praziquantel
amoebic liver abscess treatmnet
metronidazole
tb treamtnet
RIPE rifampicin isoniazid pyrazinamide ethambutol
