Exam3:Work & Family

Question 1

What are the 5 social meanings of money?

Answer 1

1) Self-Esteem/Identity
2) Power
3) Security
4) Love
5) Conflict

Question 2

A social meaning of money; sense of self-worth tied to economic value; value as mate equates w/ income

Answer 2

Self-Esteem/Identity

Question 3

A social meaning of money; purchasing power, support power, power over others/ decisions

Answer 3

Power

Question 4

A social meaning of money; stability, freedom from worry

Answer 4

Security

Question 5

A social meaning of money; materialist notions of love, especially men’s love; spending money=love

Answer 5

Love

Question 6

A social meaning of money; potential for arguments, power struggles

Answer 6

Conflict

Question 7

Marriage where both partners work @ least part time (usually a full-time husband and a part-time wife). Of those employed 10% of men and 24% women work part-time

Answer 7

Dual Earner Marriages/couples

Question 8

Marriages where both partners work full-time in careers (not jobs). Careers require extensive training/degree, specific paths for advancement, and commitment beyond 9-5 workday(work outside work environment)

Answer 8

Dual Career Marriages/couples

Question 9

79% of married employee are dual couples. What percentage do women and men make up?

Answer 9

85% of women

75% of men

Question 10

What percentage of the income do women contribute on average in a dual couple?

Answer 10

44%

Question 11

26% of women and ____% of men in dual couples make more than their partners.

Answer 11

60% of men

Question 12

How many married couples are in dual earner marriages?

Answer 12

2/3 of married couples are in dual earner marriages

Question 13

What percentage of married couples are in dual career marriages?

Answer 13

12% of married couples are in dual career marriages

Question 14

What are the effects of dual marriages on women?

Answer 14

1) enhanced well-being/self-esteem
2) increased independence, equality, power
3) multiple identities, sources of self-value
4) role overload & role strain, increased stress
5) role conflict

Question 15

What are the effects of dual marriages on men?

Answer 15

1) relief from being sole breadwinner
2) greater opportunities to be an equal parent
3) more likely to experience role conflict(59%) than mothers(45%)

Question 16

What are the effects of dual marriages on marriages?

Answer 16

1) increases sources of stress and conflict
2) increases income (and expenses)
3) more power-sharing, equality, but more conflict

Question 17

What are the effects of dual marriages on children?

Answer 17

1) have more household responsibility
2) daughters have higher self-esteem, more likely to be “career women”
3) less parental supervision
4) more financial resources

Question 18

How common is work family conflict?

Answer 18

71% of mothers and 90% + of fathers of minor children are employed, majority full-time

Question 19

What are some of the problems with work family conflict?

Answer 19

1) Leave

2) Role Conflict

Question 20

Allows employees @ most jobs to take up to 12wks unpaid leave for serious family needs; 20% of employers violate this law

Answer 20

Family & Medical Leave Act of 1993

Question 21

Problems with most employers for work family conflict?

Answer 21

1) require employees to use sick/vacations days to stay home w/ mildly ill children or they dock their pay
2) don’t allow employees to take time off during the workday to attend to important family/personal needs w/o loss of pay
3) don’t allow employees to take extended career breaks for family responsibilities
4) don’t allow time off for elder care

Question 22

What percentage of women and what percentage of men on parental leave receive any replacement pay during leave?

Answer 22

56% of women and 16% of men on parental leave receive any replacement pay during leave

Question 23

What percentage of employers allow a gradual return to work after parental leave is used?

Answer 23

Less than 60% of employers allow a gradual return to work after parental leave is used

Question 24

Discuss the problems with role conflict in work family conflict.

Answer 24

FEW employers:

1) offer on-site/nearby childcare, limited spots
2) provide childcare for school aged children on school breaks
3) reimburse employees for child/elder care costs when employees work late OR travel for business

Question 25

What are the 4 ways of balancing competing role demands?

Answer 25

1) Superperson Strategy
2) Cognitive Restructuring
3) Delegation of Responsibility
4) Planning/Time Management

Question 26

Way of balancing demands; see self as full-time worker @ 2 jobs; compartmentalize roles into “shifts”

Answer 26

Superperson Strategy

Question 27

Way of balancing demands; choosing to view situation in positive terms; shifting of priorities and values

Answer 27

Cognitive Restructuring

Question 28

Way of balancing demands; divide or share tasks w/ each other, children, hired help

Answer 28

Delegation of Responsibility

Question 29

Way of balancing demands; “executive functions” or list-making; reclaim “lost time”

Answer 29

Planning/Time Management

Question 30

What are the functions of leisure?

Answer 30

1) stress relief
2) social interaction
3) family cohesiveness
4) self-expression, personal growth, skill development
5) enhance well-being

Question 31

What are the barriers to leisure?

Answer 31

1) work conflicts
2) materialism
3) gender roles
4) commodity approach to leisure
5) leisure as work

Question 32

Barrier to leisure; required travel, long hours, increased stress

Answer 32

Work conflicts

Question 33

Barrier to leisure; belief that money more important that leisure/time, increasing social value of material wealth/ providing for children; Americans spend 8-9% of their budget on recreation

Answer 33

Materialism

Question 34

Americans spend 8-9% of their budget on ______.

Answer 34

Recreation

Question 35

Barrier to leisure; women often bear responsibility for scheduling leisure activities

Answer 35

Gender Roles

Question 36

Barrier to leisure; related to materialism, equate leisure with spending money

Answer 36

Commodity Approach to Leisure

Question 37

Barrier to leisure; causes stress, requires planning, etc.

Answer 37

Leisure as Work