Exam3:Work & Family Flashcards
What are the 5 social meanings of money?
1) Self-Esteem/Identity
2) Power
3) Security
4) Love
5) Conflict
A social meaning of money; sense of self-worth tied to economic value; value as mate equates w/ income
Self-Esteem/Identity
A social meaning of money; purchasing power, support power, power over others/ decisions
Power
A social meaning of money; stability, freedom from worry
Security
A social meaning of money; materialist notions of love, especially men’s love; spending money=love
Love
A social meaning of money; potential for arguments, power struggles
Conflict
Marriage where both partners work @ least part time (usually a full-time husband and a part-time wife). Of those employed 10% of men and 24% women work part-time
Dual Earner Marriages/couples
Marriages where both partners work full-time in careers (not jobs). Careers require extensive training/degree, specific paths for advancement, and commitment beyond 9-5 workday(work outside work environment)
Dual Career Marriages/couples
79% of married employee are dual couples. What percentage do women and men make up?
85% of women
75% of men
What percentage of the income do women contribute on average in a dual couple?
44%
26% of women and ____% of men in dual couples make more than their partners.
60% of men
How many married couples are in dual earner marriages?
2/3 of married couples are in dual earner marriages
What percentage of married couples are in dual career marriages?
12% of married couples are in dual career marriages
What are the effects of dual marriages on women?
1) enhanced well-being/self-esteem
2) increased independence, equality, power
3) multiple identities, sources of self-value
4) role overload & role strain, increased stress
5) role conflict
What are the effects of dual marriages on men?
1) relief from being sole breadwinner
2) greater opportunities to be an equal parent
3) more likely to experience role conflict(59%) than mothers(45%)
What are the effects of dual marriages on marriages?
1) increases sources of stress and conflict
2) increases income (and expenses)
3) more power-sharing, equality, but more conflict
What are the effects of dual marriages on children?
1) have more household responsibility
2) daughters have higher self-esteem, more likely to be “career women”
3) less parental supervision
4) more financial resources
How common is work family conflict?
71% of mothers and 90% + of fathers of minor children are employed, majority full-time
What are some of the problems with work family conflict?
1) Leave
2) Role Conflict
Allows employees @ most jobs to take up to 12wks unpaid leave for serious family needs; 20% of employers violate this law
Family & Medical Leave Act of 1993
Problems with most employers for work family conflict?
1) require employees to use sick/vacations days to stay home w/ mildly ill children or they dock their pay
2) don’t allow employees to take time off during the workday to attend to important family/personal needs w/o loss of pay
3) don’t allow employees to take extended career breaks for family responsibilities
4) don’t allow time off for elder care
What percentage of women and what percentage of men on parental leave receive any replacement pay during leave?
56% of women and 16% of men on parental leave receive any replacement pay during leave
What percentage of employers allow a gradual return to work after parental leave is used?
Less than 60% of employers allow a gradual return to work after parental leave is used
Discuss the problems with role conflict in work family conflict.
FEW employers:
1) offer on-site/nearby childcare, limited spots
2) provide childcare for school aged children on school breaks
3) reimburse employees for child/elder care costs when employees work late OR travel for business
What are the 4 ways of balancing competing role demands?
1) Superperson Strategy
2) Cognitive Restructuring
3) Delegation of Responsibility
4) Planning/Time Management
Way of balancing demands; see self as full-time worker @ 2 jobs; compartmentalize roles into “shifts”
Superperson Strategy
Way of balancing demands; choosing to view situation in positive terms; shifting of priorities and values
Cognitive Restructuring
Way of balancing demands; divide or share tasks w/ each other, children, hired help
Delegation of Responsibility
Way of balancing demands; “executive functions” or list-making; reclaim “lost time”
Planning/Time Management
What are the functions of leisure?
1) stress relief
2) social interaction
3) family cohesiveness
4) self-expression, personal growth, skill development
5) enhance well-being
What are the barriers to leisure?
1) work conflicts
2) materialism
3) gender roles
4) commodity approach to leisure
5) leisure as work
Barrier to leisure; required travel, long hours, increased stress
Work conflicts
Barrier to leisure; belief that money more important that leisure/time, increasing social value of material wealth/ providing for children; Americans spend 8-9% of their budget on recreation
Materialism
Americans spend 8-9% of their budget on ______.
Recreation
Barrier to leisure; women often bear responsibility for scheduling leisure activities
Gender Roles
Barrier to leisure; related to materialism, equate leisure with spending money
Commodity Approach to Leisure
Barrier to leisure; causes stress, requires planning, etc.
Leisure as Work
