Exam1: Marriages & Families

Question 1

the requirement that marriage must occur outside a group (think exit)
ex: a couple with differing social classes, nationality, or religion

Answer 1

exogamy

Question 2

the requirement that marriage occur within a group

ex: a couple with same social class, nationality, religion

Answer 2

endogamy

Question 3

a broad category that generally refers to heterosexual marriage in which one person of one sex is married to several ppl of other sex

Answer 3

polygamy

Question 4

a form of polygamy, in which one male has 2 or more wives

Answer 4

polygyny

Question 5

a form of polygamy, in which one female has two or more husbands

Answer 5

polyandry

Question 6

regulation of sexual behavior, reproduction, social placement, socialization, economic cooperation, care, protection, and intimacy

Answer 6

Social Functions of Families

Question 7

cultural guidelines and rules of conduct that guide behavior, governing of sexual behavior vary among societies, no known society allows one to have sexual relations with whomever they please

Answer 7

norms

Question 8

sexual relations between blood or close relatives

Answer 8

incest taboo

Question 9

sexual behavior is regulated to reinforce the social order, every society concerned about its members sexual behavior, sexual behavior regulated and enforced within the context of the family

Answer 9

Regulation of Sexual Behavior

Question 10

a society must produce new members to replace those who die or move away

Answer 10

Reproduction

Question 11

when new members are born into society, they must be placed within the social structure w/ a minimum of confusion and in a way that preserves order and stability

Answer 11

Social Placement

Question 12

refers to the recurrent, patterned ways ppl relate to one another, consists of statuses and roles

Answer 12

social structure

Question 13

a position in a group or society

Answer 13

status

Question 14

set of behaviors associated w/ a particular status

Answer 14

roles

Question 15

Human babies born w/ non knowledge of the norms, values and role expectations of their society; however they soon learn what their society considers appropriate in ways of acting, thinking, and feeling. This process is a lifetime of social interaction through which people learn those elements of culture essential for effective participation in social life.

Answer 15

Socialization

Question 16

providing for the needs of the family is the basic economic function of families, women’s economic contribution generally greater.
changing structures of families notwithstanding, most continue to divide essential tasks among their members & cooperate economically to meet each one’s physical, social, and economic needs

Answer 16

Economic Cooperation

Question 17

in addition to necessities of life, infants need warmth and affection. Adults need intimacy and often other human beings for care and protection during periods of illness, disability or other dependencies. Ideally families function to provide an intimate atmosphere and an economic unit in which these needs can be met.

Answer 17

Care, Protection, and Intimacy

Question 18

a false, fictitious, imaginary, or exaggerated belief about someone or something

Answer 18

myth

Question 19

1) the universal nuclear family
2) the self-reliant traditional family
3) the naturalness of different spheres for wives and husbands
4) the unstable African American family

Answer 19

4 myths about the family

Question 20

the idea that there is a universal, or single marriage nd family pattern of mother, father, children, or husband, wife and children blinds us to the historical reality and legitimacy of diverse marriage and family arrangements

Answer 20

Myth1: The Universal Nuclear Family

evidence: divorce trends began in 19th century, recent changes in marriage and family life only considered deviant because the marriage rates for postwar generation re-presented an all time high for the US

Question 21

assumes that families in the past were held together by hard work, family loyalty, and a fierce determination not to be beholden to anyone-especially the state

Answer 21

Myth2: The Self-Reliant Traditional Family

evidence: This tendency to overestimate the self-reliance of earlier families ignores the fact that external support for families has been the rule-and not the exception- in US family history. Families need assistance at some time- because of recessions, unemployment, outsourced jobs, increasing medical costs, and home foreclosures

Question 22

fatherhood included domestic skills, provisioning, hospitality and childrearing. fathers provide economic support, protection, and represented their families to the outside world
motherhood meant being caregiver and moral guardian of family,

Answer 22

Myth3: The naturalness of different spheres for wives and husbands

evidence: far from natural and have not always existed

Question 23

African American families pointed out as least stable and functional

Answer 23

Myth4: The unstable African American family

evidence: there is not and never has been a single model family, all families are different

Question 24

the systematic discrimination against a racial group by the institutions within society

Answer 24

institutional racism

Question 25

to grasp history and biography and the relations btw the two in society, allows us to distinguish btw “personal troubles of milieu” and the “public issues of social structure”

Answer 25

sociological imagination

Question 26

a private matter occurring within the character of the individual and within range of his/her relationship with others

Answer 26

“trouble”

Question 27

public matter that transcends the local environment of the individual

Answer 27

“issue”

Question 28

1) What is the structure and how does it differ from other varieties of social order?
2) Where does this society stand in human history and what are its essential features?
3) What varieties of women and men live in this society and in this period, and what is happening to them?

Answer 28

3 questions of the sociological imagination

Question 29

1) Allows us to take a new and critical look at what we have always taken for granted or assumed to be true
2) allows us to see the vast range of human diversity
3) allows us to understand the constraints and opportunities that affect our lives and those of other people
4) enables us to participate more actively in society

Answer 29

four benefits of using the sociological imagination

Question 30

White, African, and Native families

Answer 30

Families of early America

Question 31

nuclear families (wife, husband and children),patriarchy, high child death rates

1) servants (orphans, apprentices, hired laborers, unmarried individuals, children from other families) criminal and poor ppl,
2) women, men, children combined labor to meet needs of family
3) functions of family and larger community deeply intertwined

Answer 31

Colonial families

Question 32

excluded from participation in major institutions of US society, laws prohibited marriages but some able to marry with permission from slaveholder, fear of separation, maintained families and live din two parent households before and after slavery

Answer 32

African American families under slavery

Question 33

structured around 2 parent households, inadequate income, high unemployment levels, illness, and early death places strain on families, 1/3 female headed-households

Answer 33

Free African American Families

Question 34

dispersed throughout locations, kinship system, social life centered around extended family in southeast, for ppl in California was reversed and wife moved in w/ husbands family after marriage (married early)

Answer 34

Native American Families

Question 35

kinship or family descent and inheritance come through father

Answer 35

patrilineal

Question 36

kinship and inheritance come through mother

Answer 36

matrilineal