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Anatomy > Exam Review > Flashcards

Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomy and physiology

A

The body’s structures and how they work together to maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

What does the sagittal plans divide?

A

The left and right sides of the body

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3
Q

What is the femoral region?

A

The thigh

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4
Q

Where is the diaphragm in relation to the lungs?

A

Inferior

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5
Q

If the patient is on their ventral plane are they prone or supine?

A

Prone

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6
Q

What do protein function in?

A

Transport
strength
Fighting foreign invaders
They do not store energy

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7
Q

What are the types of passive transport?

A

Filtration
Osmosis
Simple diffusion

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8
Q

What type of transport is endocytosis?

A

Active transport

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9
Q

What is an infarction?

A

Sudden death of tissue due to loss of blood supply

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10
Q

What type of muscle is striated and involuntary?

A

Cardiac muscle

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11
Q

What is the function of neuroglial cells?

A

Protection and support

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12
Q

What layers is the skin composed of?

A

Epidermis
Dermis

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13
Q

What is the feature of the dermis that creates fingerprints?

A

Papillae

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14
Q

What is the function of sebaceous glands?

A

To produce sebum

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15
Q

What is the function of sweat?

A

To cool the body

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16
Q

What is a partial thickness burn also known as?

A

A second degree burn

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17
Q

What is the proximal long bone of the arm?

A

The humerus

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18
Q

What are osteoclasts?

A

Cells that break down bone

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19
Q

What part of the sternum can be broken during CPR?

A

The xiphoid process

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20
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

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21
Q

What are the abnormal curvatures of the spine?

A

Scoliosis
Lordosis
Kyphosis

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22
Q

What is supination?

A

The action of holding a bowl of soup

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23
Q

Where is the orbicularis Oris muscle?

A

Around the mouth

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24
Q

What are the muscles of the thorax and abdomen?

A

Diaphragm
Pectoralis major
Erectus abdominus

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25
Q

What is the action of making a circle with a part of the body?

A

Circumduction

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26
Q

What is the action of standing on your toes with heels off the floor?

A

Plantar flexion

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27
Q

What is the type of contraction where you push against a door that will not open?

A

Isometric contraction

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28
Q

What does myelination of the axon allow?

A

For an action potential to travel quickly

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29
Q

What does the choroid plexus produce?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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30
Q

What type of neutron in a reflex carry the action potential to the CNS?

A

Afferent Neurons

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31
Q

What is at the end of each axon?

A

Synaptic knob

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32
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the nervous system?

A

Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system

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33
Q

What is the type of receptor for vision?

A

Photoreceptor

34
Q

What part of the ear are the ossicles part of?

A

The middle ear

35
Q

What do mechanoreceptors detect?

A

Pressure

36
Q

What does olfaction refer to?

A

The sense of smell

37
Q

What is swimmers ear?

A

An infection of the outer ear

38
Q

What is the target tissue for the hypothalamus?

A

The anterior pituitary gland

39
Q

What is the main function of the thyroid hormone?

A

Increase metabolic rate

40
Q

What type of messenger is used in the endocrine system?

A

Hormones

41
Q

What does the pineal gland secrete?

A

Melatonin

42
Q

What does the hormone oxytocin stimulate?

A

Uterine contractions
Release if milk

43
Q

How many O2 molecules associate with one hemoglobin

A

4

44
Q

What happens to monocytes with chronic infection?

A

They increase in number

45
Q

Why is iron important in the blood?

A

Because it allows hemoglobin to transport O2

46
Q

What is coagulation?

A

Blood clotting

47
Q

What are thrombocytes?

A

Platelets

48
Q

The heartbeat is started by what node?

A

The sinoarterial node (SA)

49
Q

What are the smallest blood vessels?

A

The capillaries

50
Q

What is diastole?

A

Relaxation of the heart

51
Q

Where does the blood go after the left ventricle?

A

Travels through the aorta

52
Q

What is the function of eosinophils?

A

To attack worm parasites

53
Q

What type of immunity results from vaccination?

A

Artificial active immunity

54
Q

What does a vaccine stimulate?

A

A primary immune response

55
Q

What is lymph similar to?

A

Plasma

56
Q

What type of B cell remembers pathogens?

A

B memory cells

57
Q

What is gas exchange influenced by?

A

Concentration of gas
Membrane area and thickness
Solubility of the gas

58
Q

What is a pneumothorax?

A

Air in the pleural cavity
Lungs tend to collapse

59
Q

What is the pH of blood?

A

Between 7.35-7.45

60
Q

What is respiration adjusted by?

A

The medulla oblongata

61
Q

What is spirometry used for?

A

To measure lung volume
Measure lung capacity

62
Q

What is sleep apnea?

A

Breathing that repeatedly stops and starts during sleep

63
Q

What are the cells that produce HCl?

A

Parietal cells

64
Q

What is mastication?

A

Process of chewing

65
Q

What is the function of mucus in the stomach?

A

Protects the stomach walls

66
Q

What structure is part of the respiratory and digestive system?

A

The pharynx

67
Q

What cells secrete alkaline mucus?

A

Mucus cells

68
Q

What is a diuretic?

A

Something that increases urine production

69
Q

What does caffeine do?

A

Acts as a diuretic that increases blood flow to the kidneys

70
Q

How does the liver function in the urinary system?

A

It removes bilirubin

71
Q

What is micturation?

A

Passing of urine

72
Q

What drives filtration in the kidneys?

A

Blood pressure

73
Q

What is the scrotum?

A

A sac that houses the testes

74
Q

What is a diagnostic blood test for males?

A

PSA

75
Q

What structure stores mature sperm?

A

Epididymis

76
Q

Does testosterone increase or decrease with age?

A

Decreases

77
Q

What is the purpose of the acrosome cap on sperm?

A

So enzymes can be released and used to penetrate the egg

78
Q

What layer in the uterus composed of smooth muscle and contracts?

A

The myometrium

79
Q

When is the menstrual phase?

A

Day 1-5

80
Q

When does ovulation occur?

A

Around day 14

81
Q

What produces hot flashes?

A

Diminished levels of progesterone and estrogen

82
Q

What systems do ovaries belong to?

A

The endocrine and reproductive systems

Anatomy (9 decks)

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