Exam Review Flashcards
What is anatomy and physiology
The body’s structures and how they work together to maintain homeostasis
What does the sagittal plans divide?
The left and right sides of the body
What is the femoral region?
The thigh
Where is the diaphragm in relation to the lungs?
Inferior
If the patient is on their ventral plane are they prone or supine?
Prone
What do protein function in?
Transport
strength
Fighting foreign invaders
They do not store energy
What are the types of passive transport?
Filtration
Osmosis
Simple diffusion
What type of transport is endocytosis?
Active transport
What is an infarction?
Sudden death of tissue due to loss of blood supply
What type of muscle is striated and involuntary?
Cardiac muscle
What is the function of neuroglial cells?
Protection and support
What layers is the skin composed of?
Epidermis
Dermis
What is the feature of the dermis that creates fingerprints?
Papillae
What is the function of sebaceous glands?
To produce sebum
What is the function of sweat?
To cool the body
What is a partial thickness burn also known as?
A second degree burn
What is the proximal long bone of the arm?
The humerus
What are osteoclasts?
Cells that break down bone
What part of the sternum can be broken during CPR?
The xiphoid process
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
7
What are the abnormal curvatures of the spine?
Scoliosis
Lordosis
Kyphosis
What is supination?
The action of holding a bowl of soup
Where is the orbicularis Oris muscle?
Around the mouth
What are the muscles of the thorax and abdomen?
Diaphragm
Pectoralis major
Erectus abdominus
What is the action of making a circle with a part of the body?
Circumduction
What is the action of standing on your toes with heels off the floor?
Plantar flexion
What is the type of contraction where you push against a door that will not open?
Isometric contraction
What does myelination of the axon allow?
For an action potential to travel quickly
What does the choroid plexus produce?
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
What type of neutron in a reflex carry the action potential to the CNS?
Afferent Neurons
What is at the end of each axon?
Synaptic knob
What are the 2 divisions of the nervous system?
Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
What is the type of receptor for vision?
Photoreceptor
What part of the ear are the ossicles part of?
The middle ear
What do mechanoreceptors detect?
Pressure
What does olfaction refer to?
The sense of smell
What is swimmers ear?
An infection of the outer ear
What is the target tissue for the hypothalamus?
The anterior pituitary gland
What is the main function of the thyroid hormone?
Increase metabolic rate
What type of messenger is used in the endocrine system?
Hormones
What does the pineal gland secrete?
Melatonin
What does the hormone oxytocin stimulate?
Uterine contractions
Release if milk
How many O2 molecules associate with one hemoglobin
4
What happens to monocytes with chronic infection?
They increase in number
Why is iron important in the blood?
Because it allows hemoglobin to transport O2
What is coagulation?
Blood clotting
What are thrombocytes?
Platelets
The heartbeat is started by what node?
The sinoarterial node (SA)
What are the smallest blood vessels?
The capillaries
What is diastole?
Relaxation of the heart
Where does the blood go after the left ventricle?
Travels through the aorta
What is the function of eosinophils?
To attack worm parasites
What type of immunity results from vaccination?
Artificial active immunity
What does a vaccine stimulate?
A primary immune response
What is lymph similar to?
Plasma
What type of B cell remembers pathogens?
B memory cells
What is gas exchange influenced by?
Concentration of gas
Membrane area and thickness
Solubility of the gas
What is a pneumothorax?
Air in the pleural cavity
Lungs tend to collapse
What is the pH of blood?
Between 7.35-7.45
What is respiration adjusted by?
The medulla oblongata
What is spirometry used for?
To measure lung volume
Measure lung capacity
What is sleep apnea?
Breathing that repeatedly stops and starts during sleep
What are the cells that produce HCl?
Parietal cells
What is mastication?
Process of chewing
What is the function of mucus in the stomach?
Protects the stomach walls
What structure is part of the respiratory and digestive system?
The pharynx
What cells secrete alkaline mucus?
Mucus cells
What is a diuretic?
Something that increases urine production
What does caffeine do?
Acts as a diuretic that increases blood flow to the kidneys
How does the liver function in the urinary system?
It removes bilirubin
What is micturation?
Passing of urine
What drives filtration in the kidneys?
Blood pressure
What is the scrotum?
A sac that houses the testes
What is a diagnostic blood test for males?
PSA
What structure stores mature sperm?
Epididymis
Does testosterone increase or decrease with age?
Decreases
What is the purpose of the acrosome cap on sperm?
So enzymes can be released and used to penetrate the egg
What layer in the uterus composed of smooth muscle and contracts?
The myometrium
When is the menstrual phase?
Day 1-5
When does ovulation occur?
Around day 14
What produces hot flashes?
Diminished levels of progesterone and estrogen
What systems do ovaries belong to?
The endocrine and reproductive systems
