Blood Flashcards
What is blood?
Connective tissue of formed elements in a matrix of plasma
What is plasma?
91% water 7% protein 2% ions, nutrients, waste products, gasses, regulatory substances
Is a solution, concentration is important for homeostasis
What is albumin
A plasma protein, helps transport proteins
What is globulin?
A plasma protein, antibodies and transport proteins
What is fibrinogen and clotting factors?
A plasma protein, is the protein portion of a clot
What is serum?
A plasma with fibrinogen, the clotting factors are removed
What are some formed elements in blood?
Erythrocytes (RBC)
Leukocytes (WBC)
Thrombocytes (platelets)
What are erythrocytes?
Red blood cells
Biconcave disks with no nucleus
Contain hemoglobin (has Fe to carry O2)
Carry CO2 and H ions
Normally don’t leave vessels unless it’s broken
What are the different types of leukocytes?
Granulocytes
Agranulocytes
What are the 3 different types of granulocytes?
Neutrophils
Basofils
Eosinophils
What are the 2 types of agranulocytes?
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
What are neutrophils?
Type of granulocyte (WBC)
Makes up 60-70% of them
Have a nucleus with 2-5 lobes
First WBC to respond to tissue damage
Increase with infection
What are basofils
Type of granulocyte (WBC)
Make up about 0.5-1% of WBC
Have U shaped nucleus
Release histamine to dilate blood vessels to increase flow
Release heparin to stop clot formation
What are eosinophils?
Type of granulocyte (WBC)
Bilobed nucleus
Neutralize histamine during allergic reactions
Destroy parasitic worms
They increase during allergic reactions and worm infections
What are lymphocytes?
Type of agranulocyte (WBC)
About 20-25%
The smallest, has spherical nucleus
T lymphocytes attack/destroy pathogens
B lymphocytes produce antibodies that attack bacteria
What are monocytes?
Type of agranulocyte (WBC)
Make up about 3-8%
Largest, U/kidney shaped nucleus
Phagocytosis of bacteria and cellular debris
Once in tissue they are macrophages
The number increases with chronic infection and inflammation
What are platelets?
Type of thrombocyte
Cytoplasmic fragments of megakaryocytes that develop from Hemi tribals to
About 150000-400000 per mm3 of blood
What do platelets do?
- Secrete vasoconstrictors
- Secrete clotting factors
- Form playlet plugs
- Secrete chemicals to attract neutrophils and monocytes to cite of inflammation
- Destroy bacteria
- Secrete growth factors to stimulate mitosis to repair vessel walls
What is homepoiesis?
Blood production
Has 3 parts
1. Thrombopoiesis
2. Leukopoiesis
3. Erythropoeisis
What is thrombopoiesis?
The production of platelets from hemocytoblasts in red bone marrow
The liver and kidneys start the process by producing thrombopoietin when needed
What is leukopoiesis?
The production of WBC from hemocytoblasts in red bone marrow
Lymphocytes and macrophages produce colony-stimulating factors when challenge to immune system
Different CSF for different types
What is erythropoiesis?
The formation of RBC from hemocytoblasts in red bone marrow
The liver and kidneys start the process by the release of erythropoietin (EPO) in situations of hypoxemia
What is hemoglobin?
It forms 33% of RBC volume
Has a red pigment
Hema: Fe containing pigment
Globin: protein
Binds O2
Carrie’s H+ acting as a buffer
What are nutritional requirements for erythropoeisis?
Iron
Folic acid, vitamin B
Copper, vitamin C
